A combined school- and community-based campaign targeting all school-age children of Burkina Faso against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: Performance, financial costs and implications for sustainability

Gabrielli, Albis-Francesco; Touré, Seydou; Sellin, Bertrand; Sellin, E.; Ky, Césaire; Ouedraogo, Hamado; Yaogho, Malachie; Wilson, Michael D.; Thompson, Howard K.; Sanou, Soufiane; Fenwick, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.08.008

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…The lower prevalence in this study in comparison to some previous studies could indicate the effectiveness of the mass distribution campaigns, which have been conducted since 2004 [9]. …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

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Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBecause infections with Schistosoma Haematobium usually peak in childhood, the majority of studies on schistosomiasis have focused on school-aged children. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women in Burkina Faso, West Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a mesoendemic region (Kombissiri) and a hyperendemic region (Dori) for schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso. A total of 287 females aged 5 to 50 years were included in the study. S. haematobium infection was assessed using the urine filtration method and dipsticks were used for the detection of hematuria. Interviews were conducted to identify clinical aspects and risk factors related to urogenital schistosomiasis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection in Dori was 21.3 %, where as Kombissiri was less affected with a prevalence of 4.6 %. The most affected age group was the 10- to 14-year-olds (41.2 %), followed by the 15- to 19-year-olds (26.3 %). Risk factors significantly associated with schistosomiasis (P <0.05) were place of residence, age, contact with open water in the past year, and distance of home to open water. The percentage of participants who had contact with open water was significantly higher among the women living in Dori compared to Kombissiri. Females over 15 years of age showed a significant higher rate of water contact compared to the 5- to 15-year-olds. A significant correlation between schistosomiasis and hematuria was established. Microhematuria showed a sensitivity of 80.6 %, a specificity of 92.7 %, and a positive predictive value of 61.7 %, whereas macrohematuria had a sensitivity of 47.2 %, a specificity of 99.2 %, and a positive predictive value of 89.5 %. The mass distribution of praziquantel in Burkina Faso is well established. However, over half of the participants with schistosomiasis in this study said they took praziquantel in the past 6 months, which indicates a high reinfection rate. This may be associated with a lack of knowledge about the transmission of schistosomiasis. Only 6 % of the participants in Kombissiri and 1.5 % in Dori knew about the correct mode of transmission.ConclusionsThe results of our study indicate that distribution campaigns should be extended from school-aged children to young women. Our data also demonstrate the necessity of combining already established mass distribution campaigns with information campaigns, so that long-term elimination, or at least reduction, of schistosomiasis can be achieved.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0174-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The lower prevalence in this study in comparison to some previous studies could indicate the effectiveness of the mass distribution campaigns, which have been conducted since 2004 [9]. …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…This is also the case in Burkina Faso, where an annual campaign against schistosomiasis has been conducted since 2004, part of which praziquantel is distributed, primarily to school-aged children [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

et al. 2016

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“…Biennial treatment is advised for, and used in, areas with moderate prevalence [3], [4]. Schedule 3 had 90% treatment coverage (as achieved in some countries [38], [39]). In schedule 4, the whole population over the age of 5 was treated, as recommended and implemented for high risk populations [3], [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted Impact of Mass Drug Administration on the Development of Protective Immunity against Schistosoma haematobium

et al. 2014

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Previous studies suggest that protective immunity against Schistosoma haematobium is primarily stimulated by antigens from dying worms. Praziquantel treatment kills adult worms, boosting antigen exposure and protective antibody levels. Current schistosomiasis control efforts use repeated mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel to reduce morbidity, and may also reduce transmission. The long-term impact of MDA upon protective immunity, and subsequent effects on infection dynamics, are not known. A stochastic individual-based model describing levels of S. haematobium worm burden, egg output and protective parasite-specific antibody, which has previously been fitted to cross-sectional and short-term post-treatment egg count and antibody patterns, was used to predict dynamics of measured egg output and antibody during and after a 5-year MDA campaign. Different treatment schedules based on current World Health Organisation recommendations as well as different assumptions about reductions in transmission were investigated. We found that antibody levels were initially boosted by MDA, but declined below pre-intervention levels during or after MDA if protective immunity was short-lived. Following cessation of MDA, our models predicted that measured egg counts could sometimes overshoot pre-intervention levels, even if MDA had had no effect on transmission. With no reduction in transmission, this overshoot occurred if protective immunity was short-lived. This implies that disease burden may temporarily increase following discontinuation of treatment, even in the absence of any reduction in the overall transmission rate. If MDA was additionally assumed to reduce transmission, a larger overshoot was seen across a wide range of parameter combinations, including those with longer-lived protective immunity. MDA may reduce population levels of immunity to urogenital schistosomiasis in the long-term (3–10 years), particularly if transmission is reduced. If MDA is stopped while S. haematobium is still being transmitted, large rebounds (up to a doubling) in egg counts could occur.

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“…Due to the low school enrolment rate in Burkina Faso (<50 %), treatment was carried out both through schools and communities to reach as many as possible of the school-aged children not attending school. As described previously (Gabrielli et al 2006), the treatment campaign was co-ordinated and supervised by the MoH staff, but involved education authorities and local communities. A specific national ' treatment week ' was designated in October each year and health personnel at each level (regional, district and dispensary) were mobilized.…”

Section: West Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008

Fenwick¹,

Webster²,

et al. 2009

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S U M M A R YSchistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in developing countries. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the most important tropical disease in terms of human morbidity with significant economic and public health consequences. Although schistosomiasis has recently attracted increased focus and funding for control, it has been estimated that less than 20 % of the funding needed to control the disease in Africa is currently available. In this article the following issues are discussed : the rationale, development and objectives of the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI)-supported programmes ; the management approaches followed to achieve implementation by each country; mapping, monitoring and evaluation activities with quantifiable impact of control programmes ; monitoring for any potential drug resistance ; and finally exit strategies within each country. The results have demonstrated that morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been reduced by the control programmes. While challenges remain, the case for the control of schistosomiasis has been strengthened by research by SCI teams and the principle that a national programme using ' preventive chemotherapy ' can be successfully implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, whenever the resources are available. SCI and partners are now actively striving to raise further funds to expand the coverage of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in sub-Saharan Africa.

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A combined school- and community-based campaign targeting all school-age children of Burkina Faso against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: Performance, financial costs and implications for sustainability

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Predicted Impact of Mass Drug Administration on the Development of Protective Immunity against Schistosoma haematobium

The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008

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