BackgroundBecause infections with Schistosoma Haematobium usually peak in childhood, the majority of studies on schistosomiasis have focused on school-aged children. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women in Burkina Faso, West Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a mesoendemic region (Kombissiri) and a hyperendemic region (Dori) for schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso. A total of 287 females aged 5 to 50 years were included in the study. S. haematobium infection was assessed using the urine filtration method and dipsticks were used for the detection of hematuria. Interviews were conducted to identify clinical aspects and risk factors related to urogenital schistosomiasis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection in Dori was 21.3 %, where as Kombissiri was less affected with a prevalence of 4.6 %. The most affected age group was the 10- to 14-year-olds (41.2 %), followed by the 15- to 19-year-olds (26.3 %). Risk factors significantly associated with schistosomiasis (P <0.05) were place of residence, age, contact with open water in the past year, and distance of home to open water. The percentage of participants who had contact with open water was significantly higher among the women living in Dori compared to Kombissiri. Females over 15 years of age showed a significant higher rate of water contact compared to the 5- to 15-year-olds. A significant correlation between schistosomiasis and hematuria was established. Microhematuria showed a sensitivity of 80.6 %, a specificity of 92.7 %, and a positive predictive value of 61.7 %, whereas macrohematuria had a sensitivity of 47.2 %, a specificity of 99.2 %, and a positive predictive value of 89.5 %. The mass distribution of praziquantel in Burkina Faso is well established. However, over half of the participants with schistosomiasis in this study said they took praziquantel in the past 6 months, which indicates a high reinfection rate. This may be associated with a lack of knowledge about the transmission of schistosomiasis. Only 6 % of the participants in Kombissiri and 1.5 % in Dori knew about the correct mode of transmission.ConclusionsThe results of our study indicate that distribution campaigns should be extended from school-aged children to young women. Our data also demonstrate the necessity of combining already established mass distribution campaigns with information campaigns, so that long-term elimination, or at least reduction, of schistosomiasis can be achieved.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0174-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Die Beschneidung der Frau, auch als weibliche Genitalverst?mmelung oder international als Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) bezeichnet, ist definiert als totale oder partielle Exzision des ?u?eren weiblichen Genitales aus rituellen oder religi?sen Gr?nden. Das Verfahren wird von ethnischen Gruppierungen in ?ber 20 L?ndern, vor allem in der nordafrikanischen Savanne und ?gypten sowie im s?dlichen Teil der Arabischen Halbinsel praktiziert. Die Anzahl der beschnittenen Frauen wird auf 100 bis 140?Mio. gesch?tzt ?1,?2. In Afrika besteht j?hrlich f?r ca. 3?Mio. junge Frauen das Risiko, beschnitten zu werden. Unterschieden werden mehrere Typen der FGM. Exzision, d. h. komplette oder partielle Klitoridektomie in Kombinationmit Resektion der Labia minora und/oder der Labia majora. Bei der Infibulation wird zus?tzlich der Introitus vaginae verengt, sodass Menstrualblut und Urin nur durch eine kleine ?ffnung abflie?en k?nnen ?1, ?37, ?41, ?42. Die Beschneidung der Frau wird international als Missachtung des Rechtes auf k?rperliche Unversehrtheit angesehen und ist aus Sicht der Autoren eine Grausamkeit, f?r die es keinerlei Rechtfertigung gibt. Umeine effektive Pr?vention zu erm?glichen, ist es wichtig, sich ?ber die urspr?nglich zugrunde liegenden Motive Klarheit zu verschaffen.

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