A Combined Plasmachemical and Emulsion Templating Approach for Actuated Macroporous Scaffolds

Abstract

Functionalised macroporous scaffolds have been fabricated by a decoupled two-step approach comprising plasmachemical deposition of the host material followed by spontaneous emulsion formation using templating molecules. This unique approach allows pore architecture and surface functionalisation to be tailored independently. Other key features encompass conformality to a range of substrate materials or geometries, and the scope for introduction of a wide variety of pore surface functionalities, which for instance include pore size actuation.

Palladium–poly(ionic liquid) membranes for permselective sonochemical flow catalysis

“…Infrared spectroscopy of pulsed plasma deposited poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) films confirmed a high level of benzyl chloride functional group structural retention [46][47][48], Fig. 2.…”

Combining plasmachemical emulsion-templating with ATRP to create macroporous lipophilic surfaces

“…Preparation of plasmachemical emulsion-templated macroporous ATRP initiator samples entailed immersing substrates bearing 3 µm thick pulsed plasma deposited poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) layers into 0.15 mg L -1 aqueous solution of cresyl violet perchlorate (Sigma Aldrich Ltd.) for 16 h. 30 Following removal from solution, each sample was thoroughly rinsed with high purity water in order to remove excess cresyl violet perchlorate and soaked in fresh high purity water for an additional 16 h at room temperature (to leave cresyl violet perchlorate trapped within the pulsed plasma deposited poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) matrix). Each sample was then placed inside a sealed jar containing high purity water and stored at 60 °C for 1 h in order to induce pore formation via emulsion templating (creation of pockets of hydrated cresyl violet perchlorate).…”

Capture and Release Recyclable Dimethylaminomethyl-Calixarene Functional Cloths for Point-of-Use Removal of Highly Toxic Chromium Water Pollutants

“…The deposition rate for pulsed plasma poly­(vinylbenzyl chloride) films coated onto silicon wafers was measured to be 43.6 ± 3.6 nm min –1 . All of the nonwoven cloth filters were uniformly coated …”

“…The ATR–infrared spectrum of the uncoated nonwoven polypropylene cloth displays features characteristic for polypropylene, such as broad and intense C–H stretches in the 2830–2970 cm –1 region and two intense bands at 1454 and 1377 cm –1 corresponding to the methylene CH 2 and methyl CH 3 bending vibrations, respectively. , Given the thin nature of the plasma-deposited coatings, spectral features from the underlying nonwoven polypropylene cloth were also within the ATR–Fourier transform infrared technique sampling depth (few μm), Figure . Fingerprint peaks of the pulsed plasma poly­(vinylbenzyl chloride) layer present on the cloth include a characteristic C–Cl stretch absorbance at 708 cm –1 (III) and a −CH 2 Cl group C–H wag absorbance at 1263 cm –1 (II). ,,, These features became attenuated following reaction with DMAM-calixarene. The absorbance peak associated with the calixarene tertiary amine group C–N stretch (1020–1250 cm –1 ) is difficult to assign unambiguously because of overlap with the underlying polypropylene cloth spectral features. , However, a broad O–H stretch band at 3406 cm –1 (I) associated with the unreacted hydroxyl groups on the lower rim of the DMAM-calixarene molecules is clearly visible …”

“…All of the non-woven cloth filters were uniformly coated. 53 The ATR-infrared spectrum of the uncoated non-woven polypropylene cloth displays features characteristic for polypropylene, such as broad and intense C-H stretches in the 2830−2970 cm −1 region and two intense bands at 1454 cm −1 and 1377 cm −1 corresponding to the methylene CH2 and methyl CH3 bending vibrations respectively. 54,55 Given the thin nature of the plasma deposited coatings, spectral features from the underlying non-woven polypropylene cloth were also within the XPS analysis of the pulsed plasma poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) functionalized cloth prior to reaction with DMAM-calixarene gave surface elemental compositions in good agreement with expected theoretical values, Table 1.…”