A combined model–observation approach to estimate historic gridded fields of PM2.5 mass and species concentrations

Hogrefe, Christian; Lynn, Barry; Goldberg, R. A.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Zalewsky, Eric; Hao, Winston; Doraiswamy, Prakash; Civerolo, Kevin; Ku, Jia‐Yeong; Sistla, Gopal; Kinney, Patrick L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.031

Cited by 48 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our estimated exposures offer improvements over those drawn from the CSN for similar analyses of PM-associated morbidity and mortality, although one concern is whether the combined CMAQ/observation approach accurately reflects outdoor species concentrations, particularly for SO 4 concentrations during the summer and fall, when they tend to be overestimated (Hogrefe et al, 2009). However, as noted, the simulated data used for these analyses have already been subject to a partial validity assessment and are corrected to address known over/ underestimation of particular species by season (Hogrefe et al, 2009). We also identified small but significant associations with SO 4 during the winter months, when CMAQ generally underestimates these concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specifically, these data were estimated by bias-correcting CMAQ concentrations provided on a 12 km by 12 km modeling grid with available CSN measurements, assuming seasonally varying species-specific biases (Hogrefe et al, 2009). The chemical species of interest included components that make up the largest fractions of PM 2.5 total mass: secondary aerosols sulfate (SO 4 ), ammonium (NH 4 ), and nitrate (NO 3 ), elemental carbon (EC), the carbon-only portion of the organic carbon aerosol (OC), and crustal/other PM 2.5 , including non-carbon organic matter (OTH).…”

Section: Pollutant and Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The daily average total PM 2.5 mass and species concentrations in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m 3 ) used in this study were developed following the approach described in Hogrefe et al (2009) from the CMAQ model, a three-dimensional Eulerian (i.e., gridded) atmospheric chemistry and transport modeling system that simulates particulate matter and other airborne pollutants. Specifically, these data were estimated by bias-correcting CMAQ concentrations provided on a 12 km by 12 km modeling grid with available CSN measurements, assuming seasonally varying species-specific biases (Hogrefe et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pollutant and Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State

Jones

Hogrefe

Fitzgerald

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Despite observed geographic and temporal variation in particulate matter (PM)-related health morbidities, only a small number of epidemiologic studies have evaluated the relation between PM 2.5 chemical constituents and respiratory disease. Most assessments are limited by inadequate spatial and temporal resolution of ambient PM measurements and/or by their approaches to examine the role of specific PM components on health outcomes. In a case-crossover analysis using daily average ambient PM 2.5 total mass and species estimates derived from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and available observations, we examined the association between the chemical components of PM (including elemental and organic carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and other remaining) and respiratory hospitalizations in New York State. We evaluated relationships between levels (low, medium, high) of PM constituent mass fractions, and assessed modification of the PM 2.5 -hospitalization association via models stratified by mass fractions of both primary and secondary PM components. In our results, average daily PM 2.5 concentrations in New York State were generally lower than the 24-hr average National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). Year-round analyses showed statistically significant positive associations between respiratory hospitalizations and PM 2.5 total mass, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations at multiple exposure lags (0.5-2.0% per interquartile range [IQR] increase). Primarily in the summer months, the greatest associations with respiratory hospitalizations were observed per IQR increase in the secondary species sulfate and ammonium concentrations at lags of 1-4 days (1.0-2.0%). Although there were subtle differences in associations observed between mass fraction tertiles, there was no strong evidence to support modification of the PM 2.5 -respiratory disease association by a particular constituent. We conclude that ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 and secondary aerosols including sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate were positively associated with respiratory hospitalizations, although patterns varied by season. Exposure to specific fine PM constituents is a plausible risk factor for respiratory hospitalization in New York State.Implications: The association between ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 components has been evaluated in only a small number of epidemiologic studies with refined spatial and temporal scale data. In New York State, fine PM and several of its constituents, including sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, were positively associated with respiratory hospitalizations. Results suggest that PM species relationships and their influence on respiratory endpoints are complex and season dependent. Additional work is needed to better understand the relative toxicity of PM species, and to further explore the role of co-pollutant relationships and exposure prediction error on observed PM-respiratory disease associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Pollutant and Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pollutant and Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State

Jones

Hogrefe

Fitzgerald

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Uncertainties also exist due to the 15 assumption of equal toxicity for different components of PM2.5 (Li et al, 2015). For our analysis, we use modeled air pollutant concentration without any bias-correction based on either in-situ observation or satellite data Hogrefe et al, 2009;van Donkelaar et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2016). In our study, the PM2.5 mortality burdens trend may be overestimated, and O3 mortality burdens underestimated, based on comparing the modeled air pollution trends with the observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term trends in the PM<sub>2.5</sub>- and O<sub>3</sub>-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010

Zhang¹,

West²,

Mathur³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Concentrations of both fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in the United States (US) have decreased significantly since 1990, mainly because of air quality regulations. These air pollutants are associated with premature death.Here we quantify the annual mortality burdens from PM2.5 and O3 in the US from 1990 to 2010, estimate trends and interannual variability, and evaluate the contributions to those trends from changes in pollutant concentrations, population, and 20 baseline mortality rates. We use a fine-resolution (36 km) self-consistent 21-year simulation of air pollutant concentrations in the US from 1990 to 2010, a health impact function, and annual county-level population and baseline mortality rate estimates.From 1990 to 2010, the modeled population-weighted annual PM2.5 decreased by 39%, and summertime (April to September) 1hr average daily maximum O3 decreased by 9% from 1990 to 2010. The PM2.5-related mortality burden from ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and stroke, steadily decreased by 53% from 123,700 deaths yr 2 of 12%) than the PM2.5-related burden (4%), mainly from the inter-annual variation of O3 concentration. We conclude that air quality improvements have significantly decreased the mortality burden, avoiding roughly 35,800 (38%) PM2.5-related deaths and 4,600 (27%) O3-related deaths in 2010, compared to the case if air quality had stayed at 1990 levels.

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“…In addition, county-level and gridded emission inventories are available; spatial interpolations that use such supplementary information potentially provide added resolution. Air quality model predictions 23 and, for recent years, satellite data 59 -62 could also be combined with the monitoring data to increase the spatial resolution of PM 2.5 concentration fields.…”

Section: Spatial Variations Of Fine Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Characterization of PM_2.5 Mass Concentrations in California, 1980–2007

Blanchard¹,

Tanenbaum²,

Motallebi

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Systematic measurement of fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 m [PM 2.5 ]) mass concentrations began nationally with implementation of the Federal Reference Method (FRM) network in 1998 and 1999. In California, additional monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM) occurred via a dichotomous sampler network and several special studies carried out between 1982 and 2002. The authors evaluate the comparability of FRM and non-FRM measurements of PM 2.5 mass concentrations and establish conversion factors to standardize fine mass measurements from different methods to FRMequivalent concentrations. The authors also identify measurements of PM 2.5 mass concentrations that do not agree with FRM or other independent PM 2.5 mass measurements. The authors show that PM 2.5 mass can be reconstructed to a high degree of accuracy (r 2 Ͼ 0.9; mean absolute error ϳ2 g m Ϫ3 ) from PM with an aerodynamic diameter Յ10 m (PM 10 ) mass and species concentrations when site-specific and season-specific conversion factors are used and a statewide record of fine PM mass concentrations by combining the FRM PM 2.5 measurements, non-FRM PM 2.5 measurements, and reconstructions of PM 2.5 mass concentrations. Trends and spatial variations are evaluated using the integrated data. The rates of change of annual fine PM mass were negative (downward trends) at all 22 urban and 6 nonurban (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments [IMPROVE]) monitoring locations having at least 15 yr of data during the period 1980 -2007. The trends at the IMPROVE sites ranged from Ϫ0.05 to Ϫ0.25 g m Ϫ3 yr Ϫ1 (median Ϫ0.11 g m Ϫ3 yr Ϫ1 ), whereas urban-site trends ranged from Ϫ0.13 to Ϫ1.29 g m Ϫ3 yr Ϫ1 (median Ϫ0.59 g m Ϫ3 yr Ϫ1 ). The urban concentrations declined by a factor of 2 over the period of record, and these decreases were qualitatively consistent with changes in emissions of primary PM 2.5 and gas-phase precursors of secondary PM. Mean PM 2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 3.3 to 7.4 g m Ϫ3at IMPROVE sites and from 9.3 to 37.1 g m Ϫ3 at urban sites.

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A combined model–observation approach to estimate historic gridded fields of PM2.5 mass and species concentrations

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State

Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State

Long-term trends in the PM<sub>2.5</sub>- and O<sub>3</sub>-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010

Spatial and Temporal Characterization of PM_2.5 Mass Concentrations in California, 1980–2007

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A combined model–observation approach to estimate historic gridded fields of PM2.5 mass and species concentrations

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State

Respiratory hospitalizations in association with fine PM and its components in New York State

Long-term trends in the PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;- and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010

Spatial and Temporal Characterization of PM2.5 Mass Concentrations in California, 1980–2007

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Product

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Long-term trends in the PM<sub>2.5</sub>- and O<sub>3</sub>-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010

Spatial and Temporal Characterization of PM_2.5 Mass Concentrations in California, 1980–2007