A combined experimental and density functional theory study of metformin oxy-cracking for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Abstract

Pharmaceutical compounds are emerging contaminants that have been detected in surface water across the world.

Enhancement of petroleum coke thermal reactivity using Oxy‐cracking technique

“…This oxy‐cracking reaction was motivated by Ashtari et al for solubilizing n‐C 7 asphaltenes in alkaline medium, which then could be upgraded into light products through hydroprocessing reaction as reported by Haghighat et al Using quinolin‐65 (Q‐65) as a model molecule for residual feedstock, our group has carried out computational modelling to understand the oxy‐cracking mechanism at the molecular level using state‐of‐the‐art ab initio methods, under conditions similar to those performed in the experimental part . This provided an insight on the different possible reaction pathways, which is also confirmed by our recent study on the oxy‐cracking of metformin—an anti‐diabetic agent and one of the most prescribed pharmaceutical compounds worldwide . The oxy‐cracked materials were found to contain low molecular weight compounds that are believed to be easier to oxidize .…”

“…[26] This provided an insight on the different possible reaction pathways, which is also confirmed by our recent study on the oxy-cracking of metformin-an anti-diabetic agent and one of the most prescribed pharmaceutical compounds worldwide. [27] The oxy-cracked materials were found to contain low molecular weight compounds that are believed to be easier to oxidize. [21] Additionally, it has been suggested in our previous work on petcoke that the oxy-cracking process might be an effective route for demineralization and desulphurization of feedstocks.…”

New 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl hydrazones with combined antiparasitic and antioxidant activity

“… 26,36 Metformin in reaction of oxidation could form NDMA under high-pressure oxidative conditions or heat. 37 As well as, dimethylamine is the main precursor in the synthesis of ranitidine and metformin, thus obtaining NDMA impurities. 38 Last year FDA has found new nitrosamine impurities in the life-saving drugs rifampin and rifapentine (1-methyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (MNP) and 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (CPNP)) but they were not recalled from the market due to their importance.…”

Efficient Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes/Iron Oxide Nanocomposite for the Removal of the Drug Ketoprofen for Wastewater Treatment Applications

“…Over the course of last years, a new class of emergent pollutants have entered the water system due to industrial expansion and use. Such pollutants include pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP) [9–11] . PPCP were proven to pose risks to human, animal, and aquatic life if incorrectly administered or existed in water resources above certain limits [1,12–13] .…”

“…Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are considered a new class of emerging pollutants that harms our environment [19–21] . The problem of NSAID is two folds: first, their complex structure and reactivity that can pose risks on human as well as aquatic life [9,22–23] . Second, they are created in enormous quantities and can accumulate in water resources due to their persistence.…”