A combination of doxycycline and ivermectin is adulticidal in dogs with naturally acquired heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis)

Grandi, Giulio; Quintavalla, Cecilia; Mavropoulou, Antonia; Genchi, Marco; Gnudi, Giacomo; Bertoni, G.; Kramer, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.01.025

Cited by 69 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is in coherence with the results reported by Venco et al (29). The continuous administration of ivemerctin was also found to be efficacious against adult parasites, as was demonstrated by Grandi et al (10). In our study, adulticide effect was observed after six months in 20.58% of dogs (7/34), and after 12 months it was found in 97.05% of dogs (33/34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is a common opinion that this product should not be used in dogs that have already expressed the caval syndrome due to a high risk of embolisation (17). Destruction of the end symbiotic bacteria (Wolbachia) with antibiotic treatment (doxycycline, 10 mg/kg, twice a day for four weeks) is of great importance for a successful treatment (10,21). Better results have been obtained with a combination of doxycycline and ivermectin (15,26), but the true mechanism of synergism is still unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Better results have been obtained with a combination of doxycycline and ivermectin (15,26), but the true mechanism of synergism is still unknown. It is believed that doxycycline destroys the end symbiotic bacteria (AHS 2014) and ivermectin causes somatic degeneration of the parasite (10). The AHS (2012, 2014) recommends a year-round administration of chemoprophylactic drugs to prevent heartworm disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the right side of the chest, heart murmurs can be heard as the result of tricuspid valvular insufficiency and cardiac arrhythmia, which is the most common consequence of atrial fibrillation. Death is mainly due to cachexia or respiratory distress after thromboembolism (10). Laboratory diagnosis of dirofilariasis involves the detection and identification of microfilaria in the peripheral blood (8,27), performance of immunological tests (13,20,23), and molecular diagnostic methods (5,9,26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these results, an insight into the degree of pathological changes is attained and symptomatic therapy can be applied in order to improve the cardiopulmonary circulation and lung aeration (4,15). In the treatment of this very extensive infection in privately owned dogs, we opted for the "soft kill" approach, according to modified protocols by Mc Call et al (16) and Bazzochi et al (4), published by Grandi et al (10), which provides a smaller chance for thromboembolic insults compared to other protocols (4,15,16). In this study we have shown the effects of treatment of dogs with diagnosed cardiovascular dirofilariasis during a two-year period (2012)(2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of modified therapeutic protocol in the treatment of some varieties of canine cardiovascular dirofilariasis

Stepanovic

Ilić

Krstić

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The paper presents clinical diagnostic approaches and therapeutic effects of a specific protocol for the treatment of dogs with cardiovascular dirofilariasis in the Belgrade City (Serbia) territory. The study involved 50 privately owned dogs of different breeds, gender, and age, all showing signs of cardio -respiratory disorders. In addition to a general physical examination, blood tests were done to detect microfilaria and adult forms, and X-ray, ECG, and echocardiography were performed as well. At the first examination, 34 out of 50 examined dogs were positive for microfilaria and adult forms. Because of a lack of drug used as "the golden standard" in dirofilariasis treatment, it involved a combination of doxycycline (10 mg/kg) and ivermectin (6 µg/kg) supported with Advocate -Bayer spot-on. After six months, the first control was performed while continuing treatment with the aforesaid protocol, and the second control was performed after 12 months. Of the 34 treated dogs, all were negative for microfilaria, as early as after the first six months of the treatment (100%). One dog was positive for adult forms of the parasite after six and 12 months. In echocardiography and X-ray examination after 12 months, six dogs showed evident chronic changes. At controls conducted at sixth month and at one year, the implemented therapy was successful in 97.05% (33/34) of primarily infected dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%