A Combination of a Dairy Product Fermented by Lactobacilli and Galactooligosaccharides Shows Additive Effects on Mineral Balances in Growing Rats with Hypochlorhydria Induced by a Proton Pump Inhibitor

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a combination of a dairy product fermented by lactobacilli (DFL) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on mineral balances in growing rats with hypochlorhydria induced by a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Three-week-old male rats were assigned to receive one of six diets: a control diet, control diets containing 1.6 or 5.0 % GOS, a DFL diet and DFL diets containing 1.6 or 5.0 % GOS for 9 days. From day 5 of the feeding period, half of the rats fed with control diets were subcutaneously administered with saline, whereas the remaining rats were administered with PPI for 5 days. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) balances were determined from days 6 to 9. PPI administration significantly decreased the apparent absorption of Ca and Fe and increased urinary P excretion, resulting in decreased Ca, Fe and P retention. GOS dose-dependently increased the apparent absorption of Ca, Mg and Fe and urinary Mg excretion and decreased urinary P excretion. DFL significantly increased the apparent absorption of Ca and Mg and urinary Mg excretion. The combination of DFL and GOS additively affected these parameters, resulting in increased Ca, P and Fe retention, and it further increased the apparent absorption and retention of Zn at 5.0 % GOS. In conclusion, the combination of DFL and GOS improves Ca, P and Fe retention in an additive manner and increases the Zn retention in growing rats with hypochlorhydria induced by PPI.

Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitor Administration and Intake of a Combination of Yogurt and Galactooligosaccharides on Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Rats

“…The present study showed that the YG diet increased calcium absorption in adult rats, which was consistent with the previous study showing that a combination of dairy product fermented by lactobacilli and GOS improved calcium absorption in weaning rats [8]. In the preliminary study, we observed that in normal young adult rats, the YG diet increased calcium absorption and BMD of the whole femur compared with the control diet [21], suggesting that the YG diet has beneficial effects on calcium absorption and BMD regardless of PPI administration.…”

“…We found that PPI administration did not alter calcium absorption in adult rats, while the previous studies have shown that it decreased calcium absorption in weaning rats [7,8], suggesting that the effects of PPI administration on calcium absorption depend on age. Calcium absorption occurs by both an active saturable transcellular pathway and a passive non-saturable paracellular pathway, and 1,25(OH) 2 D is the major stimulator of an active transcellular pathway [17,19].…”

“…The assumed mechanism is that PPI use decreases calcium absorption, subsequently leading to lower bone mass [6]. In fact, we have previously reported that PPI administration decreased calcium absorption, which resulted in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength in weaning rats [7,8]. …”

“…GOS fermentation in the large intestine facilitated the absorption of calcium [12,13,14] and increased BMD in weaning rats [15] and ovariectomized rats [16]. We have reported that a combination of dairy product fermented by lactobacilli and GOS improved calcium absorption in an additive manner and increased bone strength in weaning rats receiving PPI administration [8]. …”

Effects of galacto-oligosaccharide on growth performance, feacal microbiota, immune response and antioxidant capability in weaned piglets

“…Mountzouris et al (2006) reported that increased digestibility of carbohydrate components, such as nitrogen free extract and NDF, of pigs consuming the trans-galactooligosaccharides diet might be due to the improving effect of GOS on the morphology and function of gut (Leforestier et al 2009;Akbari et al 2015;Bhatia et al 2015;Tian et al 2018). Second, other research also found that dietary GOS enhanced net absorption of mineral elements and improved their retention time (Weaver et al 2011;Takasugi et al 2013). Longer mean retention time of chyme can support more complete decomposition and utilization of indigestible oligosaccharides by microbes in the large intestine.…”