A Colour Atlas of Salmonid Diseases

Bruno, D. W.; Noguera, Patricia A.; Poppe, Trygve T.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2010-7

Cited by 104 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…After encapsulation, larvae are isolated and are often destroyed (FEIST & LONGSHAW, 2008). In the digestive tract, where larval migration rates are higher, the inflammatory response is greater in the presence of multinucleated giant cells (BRUNO et al, 2013), which seems not to happen to the liver of this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This can vary between nematodes species (MOLNÁR et al, 2006;SANTOS et al, 2013). Macroscopic lesions of infected fish include discoloration of parenchyma, nodules of variable sizes, petechial hemorrhage, whether or not accompanied by jaundice (BRUNO et al, 2013). Inflammatory reaction and vascular lesions are common during larvae migration (VALTONEN et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and morphometric features of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus liver in the Brazilian Pantanal

Galindo

Rodrigues

Marcondes

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric measures and morphological aspects of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus, and the presence of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) associated with the periphery of cysts and in the liver parenchyma. Adult specimens, 34 female (123.1 ± 43.9g) and 45 male (135.5 ± 43.4g), from Paraguay River, Corumbá, Brazil, were used. The number of nematode-cysts was determined in 79 livers and 25 of them randomly selected for histopathological analysis and morphometric measures of nematode-cysts (mean diameter, thickness of collagen layer, and cyst-wall layer). The percentage of cysts with MMCs on the periphery and density in the liver parenchyma was estimated. The average number of macroscopic cysts was of 48.7 ± 2.78. Granulomatous reaction was observed surrounding the cysts. Diameter, collagen layer and cyst-wall measurements were 293.0 ± 75.18 (µm), 17.72 ± 6.01 (µm) and 12.21 ± 9.51 (µm), respectively. The number of nematode-cysts was correlated with hepatosomatic index, (r=0.26, P<0.05). Collagen layer was correlated with cyst diameter (r=0.62, P<0.01). Pericystic and parenchymatous MMCs were moderately (r=0.48) and highly (r=0.90) correlated with nematode-cysts number. Morphological characteristics of hepatic tissue and cysts-nematodes measures suggest that G. inaequilabiatus acts as a paratenic host to nematodes in the larval stage.Keywords: Brevimulticaecum sp., Gymnotiformes, nematoda, melanomacrophages. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as características morfológicas e morfométricas de cistos de nematodas em fígado de Gymnotus inaequilabiatus, e a presença de centros de melanomacrófagos (CMMs) pericísticos e no parênquima hepático. Espécimes adultos, 34 fêmeas (123,1 ± 43,9 g) e 45 machos (135,5 ± 43,4g), provenientes do Rio Paraguai, Corumbá, Brasil foram utilizados. Os cistos foram quantificados em 79 fígados. Em 25 fígados foi realizada a análise histopatológica e morfometria dos cistos (diâmetro, espessura da camada de colágeno e da parede). Estimou-se a porcentagem de cistos com CMMs periférico e a densidade de CMMs no parênquima. A média de cistos macroscópicos foi de 48,7 ± 2,78. Observou-se reação granulomatosa pericística. O diâmetro, a espessura da camada de colágeno e da parede do cisto foi de 293,0 ± 75,18 (µm), 17,72 ± 6,01 (µm) e 12,21 ± 9,51 (µm), respectivamente. O número de cistos foi associado ao índice hepatossomático, (r=0,26, P <0,05). A camada de colágeno correlacionou-se com o diâmetro do cisto (r=0,62, P <0,01). CMMs pericísticos e do parênquima apresentaram correlação moderada (r=0,48) e alta (r=0,90) com o número de cistos, respectivamente. As características morfológicas do tecido hepático e a morfometria dos cistos de nematodas sugerem que G. inaequilabiatus atua como hospedeiro paratênico para larvas de nematodas.Palavras-chave: Brevimulticaecum sp., Gymnotiformes, nematoda, melanomacrófagos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and morphometric features of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus liver in the Brazilian Pantanal

Galindo

Rodrigues

Marcondes

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…15 Fungal infections are reportedly sporadic to common in teleosts, the most common agents being oomycetes such as Saprolegnia spp or dematiaceous (pigmented) fungi such as Exophiala spp (noga, bruno). 4,26 Few fungal diseases have been reported in elasmobranchs, although fusariosis is a distinct entity in the bonnethead shark. 22,30 It is noteworthy that the bonnethead shark reaction to fusariosis is ulceration and granulation tissue formation in the skin of the head and fins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Disease in Elasmobranchs

Garner¹

2013

Vet Pathol

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This report reviews diseases of 1546 elasmobranchs representing at least 60 species submitted to Northwest ZooPath from 1994 to 2010. Cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) (78), southern rays (Dasyatis americana) (75), dusky smooth-hounds (Mustelus canis) (74), bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) (66), and bamboo sharks (Hemiscylliidae) (56) were the most commonly submitted species. Infectious/inflammatory disease was most common (33.5%) followed by nutritional (11.9%, mostly emaciation), traumatic (11.3%), cardiovascular (5.5%, mostly shock), and toxin-associated disease (3.7%). Bacterial infections (518/1546, 15%) included sepsis (136/518, 26%), dermatitis (7%), branchitis (6%), and enteritis (4%). Fungal infections (10/1546, 0.6%) included dermatitis (30%), hepatitis (30%), and branchitis (20%). Viral or suspected viral infections or disease processes (15/1546, 1%) included papillomatosis (47%), herpesvirus (20%), and adenovirus (7%). Parasitic infections (137/1546, 9%) included nematodiasis (36/137, 26%), ciliate infections (23%), trematodiasis (20%), coccidiosis (6%), myxozoanosis (5%), amoebiasis (4%), cestodiasis (1%), and flagellate infections (1%). Inflammation of unknown cause (401/1546, 26%) included enteritis (55/401, 14%), branchitis (9%), encephalitis (9%), and dermatitis (7%). Traumatic diseases (174/1546, 11.3%) included skin trauma (103/174, 60%), stress/maladaptation (9%), and gut trauma (7%). Toxicoses (57/1546, 4%) included toxic gill disease (16/57, 26%), gas bubble disease (19%), fenbendazole (7%), ammonia (7%), chlorine (5%), and chloramine (3%). Species trends included visceral nematodiasis in black-nosed sharks (Carcharhinus acronotus) (55%); sepsis in dusky smooth-hounds (41%), blue-spotted stingrays (36%), southern rays (36%), and wobeggong sharks (Orectolobus spp) (69%); emaciation in bamboo (33%) and bonnethead (32%) sharks and freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygon motoro) (32%); and trauma in bonnethead sharks (30%).

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“…Saprolegniasis or cotton wool disease, caused by Saprolegnia species are among the most common fungal infections of fish hatcheries (Bruno and Poppe 1996). Eggs, fry and fingerlings of Indian major carps and exotic carps are affected.…”

Section: Fungal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, larval fish most frequently develop intestinal infections represented by bacterial enteritis with Vibrio ichthyoenteri in the Japanese flounder (Moruga 2001). Bruno and Poppe (1996) reported Saprolegniasis as a serious problem affecting egg production in trout hatcheries world-wide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries

Faruk¹,

Anka²

2017

Fundam Appl Agric

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Quality and healthy fish seed is the prerequisite for sustainable aquaculture. A major challenge to the expansion of aquaculture production is the outbreak of diseases. Disease induced mortality is a serious issue for the fish seed industry. The immature immune system in fish makes the early developmental stages more susceptible to infectious diseases. Common fish diseases in hatcheries and in early rearing systems are caused by protozoan, ciliates, myxosporodians, worms, opportunistic bacteria and fungi. Production of healthy fish seed and their survival rate depends on the proper health management strategies, maintenance of good water quality, proper nutrition and application of biosecurity measures. The paper highlighted the different types of diseases, causative agents and their prevention and control measures in fish hatcheries and nurseries.

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A Colour Atlas of Salmonid Diseases

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological and morphometric features of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus liver in the Brazilian Pantanal

Morphological and morphometric features of nematode-cysts in Gymnotus inaequilabiatus liver in the Brazilian Pantanal

A Retrospective Study of Disease in Elasmobranchs

An overview of diseases in fish hatcheries and nurseries

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