A Cohort Study of Thyroid Disease in Relation to Fallout From Nuclear Weapons Testing

Follicular Thyroid Cancer Incidence Patterns in the United States, 1980–2009

“…In addition, the highest IRR between the two types occurs during reproductive years and IRRs decreased with age. We also found the highest IRR in Utah, which is not surprising, as ionizing radiation is a risk factor for the papillary type (8), and Utah is suspected to have experienced radioactive fallout (27). Overall these findings suggest that female sex and young age play important roles in the etiology and diagnosis of the papillary type, particularly during the reproductive years.…”

The cancer epidemiology of radiation

“…Broader studies of thyroid cancer in the Marshall Islands have found evidence of a general excess risk among the Marshall Islanders potentially exposed after the BRAVO test (Hamilton et al, 1987;Takahashi et al, 2003). A cohort study of around 2500 individuals exposed to radioiodine from the Nevada Test Site in the 1950s while attending schools in the general vicinity of the test site, and who were still resident in the area in the mid-1980s, found a marginally significant association (PB0.1) between thyroid cancer and assessed thyroid dose (Kerber et al, 1993). A few people received thyroid doses in excess of 1 Sv, but the mean dose was comparatively small at around 100 mSv.…”

Native American Exposure to131Iodine from Nuclear Weapons Testing in Nevada

“…The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study (HTDS; Davis et al 2002), on the other hand, found no statistically significant association between 131 I dose and thyroid disease in people who were exposed as children to emissions from the Hanford facility in Washington. HTDS and the study of Kerber et al (1993) were comparable in cohort size, in numbers of thyroid cancers, and in mean estimated dose (17 cGy in both cases). In light of these considerations we feel that the external exposure-based risk estimates generated for the NCI dose and risk calculator (Table 3) are the best estimates currently available.…”

“…Studies of fallout 131 I exposure in the U.S. have had mixed results. Kerber et al (1993) conducted a cohort study of people who 1060 Hum. Ecol.…”