The cancer epidemiology of radiation

Wakeford, Richard

doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207896

Cited by 163 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…10 It has since been established that ionizing radiation can induce malignant change. 11 Classically, it was believed that sarcomatous degeneration occurred exclusively after orthovoltage, but not megavoltage, treatment. 12 In addition, certain disorders, such as hereditary retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, and von Recklinghausen disease, have been shown to foster an increased risk of developing radiation-induced sarcomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation‐induced osteosarcomas of the calvarium and skull base

Patel

Rao

Fox

et al. 2010

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Although a rare complication of ionizing radiation, radiation-induced osteosarcoma is now more frequently recognized as radiation therapy has become common and cancer survival has increased. To date, publications on radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the cranium are limited to a few small series and case reports. METHODS: Data from 175 patients with a history of sarcoma of the head at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1975 to 2007 were reviewed to identify patients with radiation-induced osteosarcoma. The diagnostic criteria were: 1) osteosarcoma arose within the previously irradiated field; 2) new sarcoma was histologically distinct from the original neoplasm; 3) no evidence of new sarcoma at the time of radiation; and 4) distinct latency period could be recognized. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were obtained for the various characteristics under study. RESULTS: The authors identified 16 patients with radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the cranium at their institution. The average age at diagnosis was 35 years. The median latency period was 12.5 years. Nine patients had skull base tumors, and 7 had calvarial tumors. Of the 14 patients treated surgically, 86% developed local recurrence. The median survival time was 29 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 29.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The authors report the largest series of cranial radiation-induced osteosarcoma. Although radiation-induced osteosarcoma is an uncommon but dire complication of radiotherapy, its incidence will probably increase in the future as the frequency of radiation treatment and cancer survival increase. These tumors are locally aggressive, and despite aggressive surgical and medical management, they have a high rate of local recurrence and mortality. Cancer 2011;117:2120-6.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation‐induced osteosarcomas of the calvarium and skull base

Patel

Rao

Fox

et al. 2010

Cancer

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“…From epidemiologic aspect, the most important etiologic factor for all types of skin cancer is ultraviolet radiation (Wakeford, 2004). The incidence remarkably increases in regions near the equator where there is the direct sunlight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence remarkably increases in regions near the equator where there is the direct sunlight. The incidence of skin cancer is different in various races (Wakeford, 2004). Alexandria et al investigated the relationship between sunlight exposure and skin cancer, and found that skin cancer incidence was 4.8 times more in people with high exposure to sunlight than others (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Trends of Types of Skin Cancer in Iran

Razi¹,

Rafiemanesh²,

Ghoncheh³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. It has an increasing trend. This study investigated the epidemiological trend and morphological changes in skin cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was done using existing data, extracted from the National Cancer Registry System and the Disease Management Center of Iranian Ministry of Health between 2003 and 2008. Data on epidemiologic trend was analyzed using Joinpoint software package. Results: The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in Iran, and more in men than women. There was a declining trend for basal cell carcinoma. Basal squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma had an increasing trend. The increase of skin cancer was related to squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the increase of skin cancer was attributed to squamous cell carcinoma. It is necessary to be planning for the control and prevention of this disease as a priority for health policy makers.

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“…Approximately 5% are associated with genetic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis (Little, 1999). The only well-established environmental risk factor is ionising radiation (Wakeford, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%