A cognitive action theory of post-traumatic stress disorder

Chemtob, Claude M.; Roitblat, Herbert L.; Hamada, Roger S.; Carlson, John G.; Twentyman, Craig T.

doi:10.1016/0887-6185(88)90006-0

Cited by 339 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…Increased activation of fear networks and arousal worsen PTSD [Chemtob et al, 1988;see too, Brewin and Holmes, 2003;Nixon and Bryant, 2005]. Though not shown in Figure 1, one would expect bidirectional effects, that is, feedback loops: worsened panic attacks and PTSD severity will each result in worsened anxious-depressive distress.…”

Section: Introduction Panic Attack-ptsd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, anxiety and depression will result in fear networks being more readily activated if a somatic symptom is experienced. This is because anxiety and depression (a) increase the reactivity of fear networks (e.g., through increased amygdala reactivity) [Bouton et al, 2001;Chemtob et al, 1988;Nixon and Bryant, 2005] and (b) augment negative affectivity, the latter resulting in various mechanisms--memory bias, attentional bias for threat, attentional narrowing, and negative interpretive bias [Barlow, 2002]--that will cause symptoms to more easily activate fear networks.…”

Section: Introduction Panic Attack-ptsd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, activation of dysphoric networks and heightened arousal will worsen PTSD symptomatology. According to an influential model of PTSD chronicity, arousal plays a key role: it leads to a predisposition to activation of fear networks and to a general state of fearful hypervigilance [Chemtob et al, 1988;see too, Brewin and Holmes, 2003;Nixon and Bryant, 2005].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety and depression will worsen orthostatic symptoms by (a) impairing vestibularand BP-adjustment to standing, resulting in more orthostasis-induced symptoms, particularly dizziness [Furman and Jacob, 2001;Hinton et al, 2004], (b) inducing symptoms through direct physiological effects (e.g., activation of the sympathetic nervous system), and (c) increasing negative affectivity, which brings about memory bias, attentional bias for threat, attentional narrowing, and negative interpretive bias [Barlow, 2002]; and 2. Anxiety and depression will lead to fear networks being more readily activated if an orthostatic symptom is experienced because they increase (a) the reactivity of fear networks (e.g., through increased amygdala reactivity) [Bouton et al, 2001;Chemtob et al, 1988;Nixon and Bryant, 2005] and (b) negative affectivity, which results in memory bias, attentional bias for threat, attentional narrowing, and negative interpretive bias [Barlow, 2002].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Panic Attack–Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model: Applicability to Orthostatic Panic Among Cambodian Refugees

Hinton

Hofmann

Pitman

et al. 2008

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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This article examines the ability of the "Panic Attack-PTSD Model" to predict how panic attacks are generated and how panic attacks worsen posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The article does so by determining the validity of the Panic Attack-PTSD Model in respect to one type of panic attacks among traumatized Cambodian refugees: orthostatic panic (OP) attacks, that is, panic attacks generated by moving from lying or sitting to standing. Among Cambodian refugees attending a psychiatric clinic, we conducted two studies to explore the validity of the Panic Attack-PTSD Model as applied to OP patients, meaning patients with at least one episode of OP in the previous month. In Study 1, the "Panic Attack-PTSD Model" accurately indicated how OP is seemingly generated: among OP patients (N = 58), orthostasis-associated flashbacks and catastrophic cognitions predicted OP severity beyond a measure of anxious-depressive distress (SCL subscales), and OP severity significantly mediated the effect of anxious-depressive distress on CAPS severity. In Study 2, as predicted by the Panic Attack-PTSD Model, OP had a mediational role in respect to the effect of treatment on PTSD severity: among Cambodian refugees with PTSD and comorbid OP who participated in a CBT study (N = 56), improvement in PTSD severity was partially mediated by improvement in OP severity.

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Section: Introduction Panic Attack-ptsd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Panic Attack-ptsd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Panic Attack–Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model: Applicability to Orthostatic Panic Among Cambodian Refugees

Hinton

Hofmann

Pitman

et al. 2008

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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“…Cette notion permet d'expliquer les symptômes d'hyperactivité neurovégétative et de matériel intrusif que le modèle de Mowrer (1960) ne pouvait expliquer aussi bien. Chemtob et al (1988) proposent un modèle conceptuel découlant des travaux de Roitblat (1986de Roitblat ( ,1987 et des modèles de Lang (1979), de Foa et al, (1986), d'Horowitz (1986) et de Beck et Emery (1985). S'inspirant des récents travaux de psychologie cognitive fondamentale, les auteurs conçoivent le cerveau comme un assemblage complexe de Les auteurs considèrent que chez les individus ayant vécu un traumatisme, la perception de menace (de danger) est toujours activée (même minimalement).…”

Section: Modèle Biopsychosocial De Jones Etunclassified

Modèles comportementaux et cognitifs du trouble de stress post-traumatique

Brillon¹,

Marchand²,

Stephenson³

2007

smq

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La nécessité de développer des traitements efficaces pour les nombreuses victimes de violence et de catastrophes rend incontournable la compréhension des mécanismes de développement, de maintien et de résorption du trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT). L'article présente les modèles cognitifs-comportementaux du TSPT les plus influents et en effectue une brève analyse critique. Les modèles écologiques sélectionnés sont ceux de Mowrer (1960), de Foa et al. (1989), de Jones et Barlow (1990), de Chemtob et al. (1988) et de Janoff-Bulman (1985). Ces modèles sont comparés entre eux et des pistes de réflexion sont formulées.The necessity of developping efficient treatment for the numerous victims of violence and catastrophes render essential the understanding of the mechanisms of development, maintainance and resorption of the Posttraumatice Stress Disorder (PTSD). Consequently, this article presents the most influential behavior and cognitive models followed by a brief critical analysis. The etiological models chosen are those of Mowrer (1960), Foa and al. (1989), Jones and Barlow (1990), Chemtob and al. (1988) and Janoff-Bulman (1985). Finally these models are compared and discussed

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Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis

Etten

Taylor

1998

Clin. Psychol. Psychother.

538

113

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A meta-analysis was conducted on 61 treatment outcome trials for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conditions included drug therapies (TCAs, carbamazepine, MAOIs, SSRIs, and BDZs), psychological therapies (behaviour therapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), relaxation training, hypnotherapy, and dynamic therapy), and control conditions (pill placebo, wait-list controls, supportive psychotherapies, and non-saccade EMDR control). Psychological therapies had significantly lower drop-out rates than pharmacotherapies (14% versus 32%), with attrition being uniformly low across all psychological therapies. In terms of symptom reduction, psychological therapies were more effective than drug therapies, and both were more effective than controls. Among the drug therapies, the SSRIs and carbamazepine had the greatest effect sizes, although the latter was based upon a single trial. Among the psychological therapies, behaviour therapy and EMDR were most effective, and generally equally so. The most effective psychological therapies and drug therapies were generally equally effective. Differences across treatment conditions were generally evident across symptom domains, with little matching of symptom domain to treatment type. However, SSRIs had some advantage over psychological therapies in treating depression.

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A cognitive action theory of post-traumatic stress disorder

Cited by 339 publications

References 58 publications

The Panic Attack–Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model: Applicability to Orthostatic Panic Among Cambodian Refugees

The Panic Attack–Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model: Applicability to Orthostatic Panic Among Cambodian Refugees

Modèles comportementaux et cognitifs du trouble de stress post-traumatique

Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis

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