A co-utilization strategy to consume glycerol and monosaccharides by Rhizopus strains for fumaric acid production

Abstract

The ability of Rhizopus oryzae to produce fumaric acid in the presence of glycerol and/or various monosaccharides as carbon sources was examined for seventeen different strains of this fungi. These strains were tested in shake-flask cultures on media containing glycerol and seven different carbohydrates, including glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose. An interesting and applicationally useful phenomenon was observed. This work presents a new approach to the conventional microbiological method of producing fumaric acid. In the presence of 40 g/l glycerol as the sole carbon source, fumaric acid production reached 0.16–6.1 g/l after 192 h. When monosaccharides were used as a single carbon source, the maximum fumaric acid concentration was much higher; for example, 19.8 g/l was achieved when 40 g/l xylose was used. In the co-fermentation of xylose (40 g/l) and glycerol (20 g/l), post-culture broth contained approx. 28.0 g/l of fumaric acid with a process yield of 0.90 g/g after 168 h. The production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae was also increased in the dual presence of glycerol and monosaccharides like fructose, galactose, and mannose. However, results obtained on glucose-glycerol-based medium did not follow this trend, showing instead complete utilization of glucose with significant glycerol consumption, but unexpectedly low final amounts of fumaric acid and process yields. Understanding how Rhizopus oryzae utilize various carbon sources may provide alternative avenues of fumaric acid fermentation.

Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Cupriavidus necator H16 for Carbon Co-Utilization with Glycerol

“…Similar observations were made for the production of fumaric acid with fungi Rhizopus oryzae [24]. These observed improvements had been attributed to various reasons, including the protective role of glycerol under stress conditions [24] and a higher ratio of intracellular NADH/NAD + in co-utilization of glycerol and sugar [23].…”

“…For instance, co-utilization of glycerol and monosaccharides in fermentation of Clostridium diolis can increase cell growth and 1,3-propanediol product formation [23]. Similar observations were made for the production of fumaric acid with fungi Rhizopus oryzae [24]. These observed improvements had been attributed to various reasons, including the protective role of glycerol under stress conditions [24] and a higher ratio of intracellular NADH/NAD + in co-utilization of glycerol and sugar [23].…”

Production of exopolysaccharide ethapolan by Acinetobacter sp. IMV B–7005 on fried oil and oil–containing mixed substrates

“…In this case, it becomes possible not only to utilize simultaneously several substrates [WU et al, 2016] , but also to increase overall the cultivation efficiency [PIDHORSKYY et al, 2010;LIU et al, 2020] . To date, there is practically no information in the literature about the use of mixed substrates for the biosynthesis of microbial EPS, although this technique has been successfully used to obtain primary (microbial oils [HASSANPOUR et al, 2019] , α, ω-dicarboxylic acids [CAO et al, 2017] , fumaric acid [KOWALCZYK et al, 2018] , secondary metabolites (polyhydroxyalkanoates [RAY et al, 2018] , natamycin [ZENG et al, 2019] , and fermentation products (n-butanol, 1,3-propanediol [SABRA et al, 2016] , lactic acid [HASSAN et al, 2019] , as well as other practically valuable microbial metabolites. In our previous work this approach was used to increase ethapolan production on the mixture of glucose (molasses) with ethanol, fumarate, or acetate [PIDHORSKYY et al, 2010] .…”

Restricted Nitrogen and Water Applications in the Orchard Modify the Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Composition of Nonpareil and Carmel Almond Hulls

“…Organic acid production depends on various factors such as the carbon source utilised by Rhizopus spp., oxygen supply, nitrogen limitation and fungal strain selection [21,33]. Studies have found that several carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, mannose, xylose, fructose, cellobiose, fatty acids and glycerol) can be used as a substrate for lactic acid and fumaric acid production [13,15,21,33,34]. For example, Kenealy et al demonstrated that R. arrhizus produced 97 g L −1 fumaric acid (9.7% w/w) when supplied with 120 g L −1 glucose as a carbon source [35].…”