A Cluster Based Localization Scheme with Partition Handling for Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Abstract

Many applications of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), such as target tracking, reconnaissance and surveillance, and marine life monitoring require information about the geographic locations of the sensed data. This makes the localization of sensor nodes a crucial part of such underwater sensing missions. In the case of mobile UWSNs, the problem becomes challenging, not only due to a need for the periodic tracking of nodes, but also due to network partitioning as a result of the pseudo-random mobility of nodes. In this work, we propose an energy efficient solution for localizing nodes in partitioned networks. Energy consumption is minimized by clustering unlocalized partitioned nodes and allowing only clusterheads to carry out a major part of the localization procedure on behalf of the whole cluster. Moreover, we introduce a retransmission control scheme that reduces energy consumption by controlling unnecessary transmission. The major design goal of our work is to maximize localization coverage while keeping communication overheads at a minimum, thus achieving better energy efficiency. The major contributions of this paper include a clustering technique for localizing partitioned nodes and a retransmission control strategy that reduces unnecessary transmissions.

A Comprehensive Survey of the Recently Proposed Localization Protocols for Underwater Sensor Networks

“…In [50], the authors propose a cluster based distributed localization scheme with partition handling capability for mobile UWSNs. The proposed scheme consists of two stages.…”

“…For instance free mobility may introduce network partitioning in which case a set of nodes may not be able to receive localization beacons/neighborhood information and therefore will remain unlocalized. Partition handling mechanisms [33,50], must be investigated to cope up with such situations. Moreover, the prevalent network architectures, which mostly assume fixed reference nodes and limited range stand useless when underwater nodes are unable to communicate with the fixed reference nodes as they move away due to free mobility.…”

“…Moreover, the prevalent network architectures, which mostly assume fixed reference nodes and limited range stand useless when underwater nodes are unable to communicate with the fixed reference nodes as they move away due to free mobility. Some new network architectures for such scenarios are proposed in [33,50]. However research is required to further refine the solutions.…”

A Two-Stage Localization Scheme with Partition Handling for Data Tagging in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

“…Thus, the accuracy of location estimates depends on the frequency of beacons from AUV. The accuracy of location estimation also suffers from both vertical and horizontal errors.A cluster-based localization scheme with partition handling for mobile underwater sensor networks [29] is another example of a localization scheme for mobile UWSN. This scheme works in two phases.…”

A Mobility-Assisted Localization Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Large-Scale UWSNs

“…Furthermore, the computational complexity and cost based on the AOA localization algorithms are relatively high. In addition, time synchronization plays an important role in some localization schemes [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Underwater localization algorithms based on one-way TOA usually assume time synchronization.…”