A closed unventilated chamber for the measurement of transepidermal water loss

Nuutinen, Juhani; Alanen, E.; Autio, Pekka; Lahtinen, Marjo-Riitta; Harvima, Ilkka T.; Lahtinen, Tapani

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0846.2003.00025.x

Cited by 98 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Sweat rate was determined using a calibrated, digital moisture sensor (Vapometer; Delfin Technologies, Finland) that has been used to determine transepidermal water loss of humans and cattle (Nuutinen et al 2003;Gebremedhin et al 2007). All calibrations are certified and performed at the company laboratory using three different relative humidities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in sweat rate response of steers to short-term heat stress

et al. 2008

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Six Angus steers (319 +/- 8.5 kg) were assigned to one of two groups (hot or cold exposure) of three steers each, and placed into two environmental chambers initially maintained at 16.5-18.8 degrees C air temperature (Ta). Cold chamber Ta was lowered to 8.4 degrees C, while Ta within the hot chamber was increased to 32.7 degrees C over a 24-h time period. Measurements included respiration rate, and air and body (rectal and skin) temperatures. Skin temperature was measured at shoulder and rump locations, with determination of sweat rate using a calibrated moisture sensor. Rectal temperature did not change in cold or hot chambers. However, respiration rate nearly doubled in the heat (P < 0.05), increasing when Ta was above 24 degrees C. Skin temperatures at the two locations were highly correlated (P < 0.05) with each other and with Ta. In contrast, sweat rate showed differences at rump and shoulder sites. Sweat rate of the rump exhibited only a small increase with Ta. However, sweat rate at the shoulder increased more than four-fold with increasing Ta. Increased sweat rate in this region is supported by an earlier report of a higher density of sweat glands in the shoulder compared to rump regions. Sweat rate was correlated with several thermal measurements to determine the best predictor. Fourth-order polynomial expressions of short-term rectal and skin temperature responses to hot and cold exposures produced r values of 0.60, 0.84, and 0.98, respectively. These results suggest that thermal inputs other than just rectal or skin temperature drive the sweat response in cattle.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in sweat rate response of steers to short-term heat stress

et al. 2008

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“…The perineal region was the rectangular area from the edge of the scrotum or vulva, beyond the anus and laterally to the outer edge of the gluteal muscles. SC integrity was measured as TEWL (g/m 2 /h) with a closed chamber device (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Ltd, Finland) using standardized protocols [29][30][31] . The measurement diameter of the VapoMeter is 12 mm, corresponding to an area of ϳ 120 mm 2 and constituting a localized (versus regional) value.…”

Section: Skin Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Care in the NICU Patient: Effects of Wipes versus Cloth and Water on Stratum Corneum Integrity

et al. 2009

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Background: NICU patients are at risk of skin breakdown due to prematurity, irritant exposure, medical status and stress. There is a need to minimize damage, facilitate skin development and reduce infection risk, but the literature on the effects of skin care practices in NICU patients is limited. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that baby diaper wipes with emollient cleansers and a soft cloth would minimize skin compromise relative to cloth and water. Methods: In 130 NICU infants (gestational age 23–41 weeks, at enrollment 30–51 weeks), measurements of skin condition, i.e., skin erythema, skin rash, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and surface acidity (pH), within the diaper and at diaper and chest control sites were determined daily for 5–14 days using standardized methods. Treatments were randomly assigned based on gestational age and starting skin irritation score: wipe A, wipe B, and the current cloth and water NICU standard of care. Results: Perineal erythema and TEWL were significantly lower for wipes A and B than cloth and water beginning at day 5 for erythema (scores of 1.11 ± 0.05, 1.2 ± 0.05, and 1.4 ± 0.06, respectively) and day 7 for TEWL (28.2 ± 1.6, 28.8 ± 1.6, and 35.2 ± 1.6 g/m²/h, respectively). Wipe B produced a significantly lower skin pH (day 5, 5.47 ± 0.03) than wipe A (5.71 ± 0.03) and cloth and water (5.67 ± 0.04). The starting skin condition, stool total, age and time on current standard impacted the outcomes. Conclusions: Both wipes are appropriate for use on medically stable NICU patients, including both full and preterm infants, and provide more normalized skin condition and barrier function versus the cloth and water standard. Wipe B may facilitate acid mantle development and assist in colonization, infection control and barrier repair. Neonatal skin continues to change for up to 8 weeks postnatally, presumably as it adapts to the dry extra-uterine environment.

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“…On the day before and the day after the operation, transepidermal water loss on the soles of the feet was measured using a portable closed chamber evaporimeter (VapoMeter; Delfin Technologies Ltd, Kuopio, Finland) with the patient in a recumbent position at a room temperature of 24°C to 25°C [17]. Accompanying diseases were ruled out through clinical and laboratory tests, chest x-rays, and abdominal sonographies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%