A clinical study of sublingual varices

Ettinger, Ronald L.; Manderson, R.D.

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(74)90084-x

Cited by 43 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Investigations regarding sublingual varices have earlier been related to histopathology [3, 4], pathogenesis [5], and to the relation between sublingual varices and cardiovascular disease [6, 7]. In a survey from 1968 Bhaskar et al [15] could not reveal a correlation between sublingual varices and hypertension, based on 384 cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their pathogenesis may be due to a change in the connective tissue or weakening of the venous wall, as a result of degeneration of elastic fibres related to the ageing process [3–5]. The phenomenon of sublingual varices is not well studied and it may to be correlated with age, smoking and cardiovascular disease and varicose veins of the leg [6–9]. A connection between sublingual varices and hypertension has not yet been shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is there a connection between sublingual varices and hypertension?

2015

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BackgroundSublingual varices have earlier been related to ageing, smoking and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sublingual varices are related to presence of hypertension.MethodsIn an observational clinical study among 431 dental patients tongue status and blood pressure were documented. Digital photographs of the lateral borders of the tongue for grading of sublingual varices were taken, and blood pressure was measured. Those patients without previous diagnosis of hypertension and with a noted blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or ≥ 90 mmHg at the dental clinic performed complementary home blood pressure during one week. Those with an average home blood pressure ≥135 mmHg and/or ≥85 mmHg were referred to the primary health care centre, where three office blood pressure measurements were taken with one week intervals. Two independent blinded observers studied the photographs of the tongues. Each photograph was graded as none/few (grade 0) or medium/severe (grade 1) presence of sublingual varices. Pearson’s Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and multiple regression analysis were applied. Power calculation stipulated a study population of 323 patients.ResultsAn association between sublingual varices and hypertension was found (OR = 2.25, p < 0.002). Mean systolic blood pressure was 123 and 132 mmHg in patients with grade 0 and grade 1 sublingual varices, respectively (p < 0.0001, CI 95 %). Mean diastolic blood pressure was 80 and 83 mmHg in patients with grade 0 and grade 1 sublingual varices, respectively (p < 0.005, CI 95 %). Sublingual varices indicate hypertension with a positive predictive value of 0.5 and a negative predictive value of 0.80.ConclusionsAn association was found between sublingual varices and hypertension. Examining the lateral borders of the tongue is easily done, causes no harm and could be a valuable method for the dental profession to take active part in preventive healthcare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a connection between sublingual varices and hypertension?

2015

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“…Similar to previous studies, sublingual varicosities were the most frequently observed alteration; 18,19 they are acquired and benign conditions, and their incidence increases with age. 20 A considerable prevalence of coated tongues was observed and may be related to inadequate oral hygiene or represent the side effect of medications that are regularly ingested by this age group. 21 Other variations of the normal oral mucosa were observed, including Fordyce's spots, piclated and geographical tongue, and excessive melanin pigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral mucosal alterations among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil

2010

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This study determined the prevalence of oral mucosal alterations and associated factors among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, a review of their medical records and an intra-oral examination. A sample of 335 individuals over 60 years of age was randomly selected. In total, 646 alterations were diagnosed; 59.1% were variations of the normal oral mucosa. The most frequent variation consisted of sublingual varicosities (51.6%). Denture stomatitis (15.2%) and denture hyperplasia (12.8%) were the most frequent lesions. Elderly patients who wore dentures had a significantly higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (p = 0.00) than those that didn't wear dentures. There was a high prevalence of variations of the normal oral mucosa and of mucosal lesions, especially denture-induced lesions, among the institutionalized elderly.

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“…Sublingual varices are not unusual. They are common, and a common clinical finding (if in doubt, just ask your dentist) 2. Their prevalence increases with age, with surveys indicating that they are present in up to 60% of elderly patients, in both sexes, and in different population groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their prevalence increases with age, with surveys indicating that they are present in up to 60% of elderly patients, in both sexes, and in different population groups. 2 – 4 …”

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confidence: 99%

Sublingual varices are not unusual

Pemberton

2006

BMJ

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Article lacks logicEditor-Walker et al show convincingly that drivers and other occupants of heavy four wheel drive vehicles are safer in crashes than those in smaller or lighter vehicles and those on foot or cycle.1 They also show that drivers of these vehicles use mobile phones more often and seat belts less often than drivers of other cars.But by conflating mobile phone use (which distracts drivers) and non-use of seat belts (which makes drivers feel less safe) as equally important examples of illegal and dangerous practices they have sown confusion and undermined the prospect of a constructive approach to road safety.Using mobile phones and not using seatbelts have opposing consequences for other road users. The distraction caused by mobile phones increases the threat to others, but the non-use of seat belts decreases it. As the authors note, deaths of pedestrians, cyclists, and rear seat passengers increased (by 8%, 13%, and 28% respectively) after laws mandating the use of seat belts in front seats were introduced in the United Kingdom. John Adams emeritus professor No strong support for risk compensationEditor-That the observation by Walker et al of more unsafe behaviour by the drivers of four wheel drive vehicles provides "strong support" for the risk compensation theory is unconvincing. 1This theory implies that because drivers feel intrinsically safer in bigger more robustly built vehicles they can indulge in unsafe behaviours without putting their life unduly at risk.The study provides at best weak support because the authors' observations have a simpler explanation: variation in personality or other traits linked to car choice and behaviour in the car. The study would be convincing if drivers were randomised to cars rather than being allowed to select them themselves. There is a strong chance that traits that affect decisions about which car to buy also affect in-car behaviour.For example, people in their 60s are less likely to own a sports utility vehicle than those in their 30s and to use a mobile phone at any time (whether in the car or not). Sex is another likely confounding factor, as are numerous personality traits. 2 The National Highway Safety Administration asked male drivers of pick-up trucks whether they wore seat belts. Graeme D Ruxton professor of theoretical ecologyThe men reported that they felt protected by size of vehicle, nature of vehicle use (short, work related trips), being "trapped" after the crash, and anger or resentment over mandatory seat belt laws. They were, however, more likely to wear their safety belts when family or friends were with them, on interstate highways, in large cities, and in bad weather.

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A clinical study of sublingual varices

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Is there a connection between sublingual varices and hypertension?

Is there a connection between sublingual varices and hypertension?

Oral mucosal alterations among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil

Sublingual varices are not unusual

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