A clickable folic acid-rhamnose conjugate for selective binding to cancer cells

Parashar, Shubham; Gupta, Vatika; Bhatnagar, Rakesh; KAUSAR, A. R.

doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100409

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This result confirmed that two-dimensional nanosheets of GO could be produced from exfoliation of graphene oxide. Similar types of images have been reported in the literature [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The SEM images of MTX/FA/GO in…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Anticancer Drug Combination Functionalized with Folic Acid as Nanocarrier for Targeted Delivery of Methotrexate

Yanikoglu,

Karakas,

Ciftci

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Graphene has become a prominent material in cancer research in recent years. Graphene and its derivatives also attract attention as carriers in drug delivery systems. In this study, we designed a graphene oxide (GO)-based methotrexate (MTX)-loaded and folic acid (FA)-linked drug delivery system. MTX and FA were bound to GO synthesized from graphite. MTX/FA/GO drug delivery system and system components were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential calorimetric analysis (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, and dimension measurement (DLS) studies. SEM and TEM images confirmed the nanosheet structure of GO synthesized from graphite, and it was shown that MTX/FA binding to GO transformed the two-dimensional GO into a three-dimensional structure. FTIR and DSC graphs confirmed that oxygen atoms were bound to GO with the formation of carboxylic, hydroxyl, epoxide, and carbonyl groups as a result of the oxidation of graphite, and GO was successfully synthesized. Additionally, these analyses showed that MTX and FA bind physicochemically to the structure of GO. The in vitro Franz diffusion test was performed as a release kinetic test. The release kinetics mathematical model and correlation coefficient (R2) of MTX-loaded GO/FA nanomaterials were found to be the Higuchi model and 0.9785, respectively. Stiffness analyses showed that adding FA to this release system facilitated the entry of the drug into the cell by directing the system to target cells. As a result of the stiffness analyses, the stiffness values of the control cell group, free MTX, and MTX/FA/GO applied cells were measured as 2.34 kPa, 1.87 kPa, and 1.56 kPa, respectively. According to these results, it was seen that MTX/FA/GO weakened the cancer cells. Combined use of the MTX/FA/GO drug delivery system had a higher cytotoxic effect than free MTX on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The results showed that the synthesized MTX/FA/GO material has promising potential in cancer cell-specific targeted therapy for MTX as a drug delivery system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This approach aims to reduce side effects by minimizing damage to normal cells. Nanomaterials functionalized with FA can be used to deliver therapeutic agents directly to cancer cells [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. These nanomaterials can carry drugs, genes, or other treatment components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Anticancer Drug Combination Functionalized with Folic Acid as Nanocarrier for Targeted Delivery of Methotrexate

Yanikoglu,

Karakas,

Ciftci

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…MPLA is a lipid A derivative (Figure A) with excellent immunological and safety profiles and, thus, has been extensively investigated as both external and internal adjuvants − for antimicrobial − and anticancer vaccines. − MPLA stimulates the immune system via interacting with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to provoke various cytokine and chemokine expression, , which in turn enhances dendritic cell (DC) and other immune cell proliferation, boosts antigen presentation, , activates Th cells, and elicits cytotoxic T cells, thereby promoting both innate and adaptive immunities . Rha is a highly immunogenic hapten, and anti-Rha antibodies are abundant in the human serum. , Rha is attractive as an immunostimulant because in the human body, it can recruit endogenous Rha antibodies to interact with Fc receptors on DCs and other immune cells to activate antibody effector functions. − Therefore, Rha and endogenous Rha antibodies have been actively pursued in the development of novel adjuvants and immunotherapies. − …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monophosphoryl Lipid A-Rhamnose Conjugates as a New Class of Vaccine Adjuvants

Rohokale,

Guo,

Guo

2024

J. Med. Chem.

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Adjuvant is an integral part of all vaccine formulations but only a few adjuvants with limited efficacies or application scopes are available. Thus, developing more robust and diverse adjuvants is necessary. To this end, a new class of adjuvants having αand β-rhamnose (Rha) attached to the 1-and 6′-positions of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) was designed, synthesized, and immunologically evaluated in mice. The results indicated a synergistic effect of MPLA and Rha, two immunostimulators that function via interacting with toll-like receptor 4 and recruiting endogenous anti-Rha antibodies, respectively. All the tested MPLA-Rha conjugates exhibited potent adjuvant activities to promote antibody production against both protein and carbohydrate antigens. Overall, MPLA-α-Rha exhibited better activities than MPLA-β-Rha, and 6′-linked conjugates were slightly better than 1-linked ones. Particularly, MPLA-1-α-Rha and MPLA-6′-α-Rha were the most effective adjuvants in promoting IgG antibody responses against protein antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin and carbohydrate antigen sTn, respectively.

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A clickable folic acid-rhamnose conjugate for selective binding to cancer cells

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Anticancer Drug Combination Functionalized with Folic Acid as Nanocarrier for Targeted Delivery of Methotrexate

Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Anticancer Drug Combination Functionalized with Folic Acid as Nanocarrier for Targeted Delivery of Methotrexate

Monophosphoryl Lipid A-Rhamnose Conjugates as a New Class of Vaccine Adjuvants

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