A clearance model of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in the rat lung including fiber dissolution and breakage

Yu, C.P.; Ding, Yuanyuan; Zhang, L.; Oberdörster, Günter; Mast, Richard; Maxim, Dana Cristiana; Utell, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(95)00536-6

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Subsequent analyses of the RCF RCC data were consistent with the hypothesis that "lung overload" occurred (Bellmann et al, 2001;Brown et al, 2000Brown et al, , 2005Mast et al, 2000aMast et al, , 2000bYu and Oberdöster, 2000;Yu et al, 1994aYu et al, , 1994bYu et al, , 1995aYu et al, , 1995bYu et al, , 1996, an unintended artifact of the method used to prepare RCFs for testing and the ratio of particles to fibers was not representative of that found in workplace samples (and significantly higher than those for other SVFs tested). Lung overload may result in retarding the rate of fiber clearance, inflammation, and tumors.…”

Section: Chronic Bioassayssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…To better understand the RCC results, the RCF industry initiated a series of investigations designed to characterize the material tested, measure/model the fiber dosimetry, and estimate possible occupational risks (see, e.g., Brown et al, 2005;Maxim et al, 2003;Moolgavkar et al, 1999Moolgavkar et al, , 2000Turim and Brown, 2003;Yu et al, 1995Yu et al, , 1996Yu and Oberdörster 2000). Subsequent analyses of the RCF RCC data were consistent with the hypothesis that "lung overload" occurred (Bellmann et al, 2001;Brown et al, 2000Brown et al, , 2005Mast et al, 2000aMast et al, , 2000bYu and Oberdöster, 2000;Yu et al, 1994aYu et al, , 1994bYu et al, , 1995aYu et al, , 1995bYu et al, , 1996, an unintended artifact of the method used to prepare RCFs for testing and the ratio of particles to fibers was not representative of that found in workplace samples (and significantly higher than those for other SVFs tested).…”

Section: Chronic Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) toxicity and epidemiology: A review

Utell

Maxim²

2010

Inhalation Toxicology

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This paper provides a review of the relevant literature on refractory ceramic fibers (RCFs), summarizing relevant data and information on the manufacture, processing, applications, potential occupational exposure, toxicology, epidemiology, risk analysis, and risk management. RCFs are amorphous fibers used for high-temperature insulation applications. RCFs are less durable/biopersistent than amphibole asbestos, but more durable/biopersistent than many other synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs). Moreover, as produced/used, some RCFs are respirable. Toxicology studies with rodents using various exposure methods have shown that RCFs can cause fibrosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Interpretation of these animal studies is difficult for various reasons (e.g., overload in chronic inhalation bioassays). Epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed cohorts in Europe and the United States have demonstrated measurable effects (e.g., mild respiratory symptoms and pleural plaques) but no disease (i.e., no interstitial fibrosis, no excess lung cancer, and no mesothelioma) to date. The RCF industry, working cooperatively with various government agencies in the United States, has developed a comprehensive product stewardship program (PSP) to identify and control risks associated with occupational exposure. One provision of the PSP is the adoption of a voluntary recommended exposure guideline (REG) of 0.5 fibers/milliliter (f/ml). Selected on the basis of prudence and demonstrated feasibility, compliance with the REG should reduce risks to levels between 0.073/1000 and 1.2/1000, based on extrapolations from chronic animal inhalation studies.

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Section: Chronic Bioassayssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Chronic Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) toxicity and epidemiology: A review

Utell

Maxim²

2010

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Instead, to this aim the concept of biopersistence has been introduced [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Both the European Community (EC) and the IARC have recognized the importance of biopersistence in fiber toxicology wherefore it has been incorporated in their classification schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermal transformation of Man Made Vitreous Fibers (MMVF) and safe recycling as secondary raw materials (SRM)

Gualtieri

Foresti

Lesci

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The kinetic equation that describes the time variation of n(d f ,l f ,t) in the rat lung is then (Yu et al, 1996)…”

Section: Clearance Model and Kinetic Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in vivo dissolution rate k (µm/day) for diameter reduction averaged over the fiber distribution n(d f ,l f ,t) is given by Yu et al (1996): (0) and d f (t) are, respectively, the geometric mean diameters at the beginning of postexposure and at a postexposure time t. Using the diameter data reported by Musselman et al (1994), we calculated k for different MMVFs and the results are shown in Table 2. It is seen from the table that the most soluble fiber within the group is MMVF 10.…”

Section: Determination Of Dissolution Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

A CLEARANCE MODEL OF MAN-MAN VITREOUS FIBERS (MMVFs) IN THE RAT LUNG

1998

Inhalation Toxicology

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Short-term inhalation experiments have been recently performed in rats to evaluate the biopersistence of man-made vitreous fibers ( MMVFs) . The number and size distribution of inhaled fibers in the rat lung were measured at different postexposure time points.These data were used for developing a mathematical model to describe the clearance kinetics of MMVFs in the rat lung. The model proposed a breakage scheme for long fibers during clearance. The breakage rates for different MMVFs were determined from the fiber size distribution data at different time points. The calculated breakage rate appears to be related to the in vitro dissolution rate; the more soluble a fiber, the faster the fiber breaks.

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A clearance model of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in the rat lung including fiber dissolution and breakage

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) toxicity and epidemiology: A review

Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) toxicity and epidemiology: A review

The thermal transformation of Man Made Vitreous Fibers (MMVF) and safe recycling as secondary raw materials (SRM)

A CLEARANCE MODEL OF MAN-MAN VITREOUS FIBERS (MMVFs) IN THE RAT LUNG

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