A city-level analysis of air pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread during the Spanish lockdown

Briz‐Redón, Álvaro; Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina; Serrano‐Aroca, Ángel

doi:10.1101/2020.08.09.20171041

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…On the other hand, inconsistent results were reported from a study assessing the correlation between urban air pollution in the Milan metropolitan area and number of COVID-19 deaths, which found a negative correlation with air pollution assessed through surface levels of both PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Zoran et al, 2020b), and ground levels of nitrogen dioxide (Zoran et al, 2020a), but a positive one using ground levels of ozone, possibly due to the enhanced formation of outdoor airborne secondary aerosols (Zoran et al, 2020a). Similarly, a study of seven Spain cities found little association between outdoor air pollutant levels as assessed through traffic monitoring stations and COVID-19 transmission (Briz-Redon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Higher COVID-19 mortality was also correlated with relatively poor air quality in several other countries (Pansini and Fornacca, 2020). However, results from some recent studies have been inconsistent, with some reporting a null (Bontempi, 2020b;Briz-Redon et al, 2020) or inverse association (Zoran et al, 2020a) between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence. Therefore, this putative correlation appears to be worthy of further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

Filippini

Rothman

Cocchio

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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After the appearance of COVID-19 in China last December 2019, Italy was the first European country to be severely affected by the outbreak. The first diagnosis in Italy was on February 20, 2020, followed by the establishment of a light and a tight lockdown on February 23 and on March 8, 2020, respectively. The virus spread rapidly, particularly in the North of the country in the ‘Padan Plain’ area, known as one of the most polluted regions in Europe. Air pollution has been recently hypothesized to enhance the clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting through adverse effects on immunity, induction of respiratory and other chronic disease, upregulation of viral receptor ACE-2, and possible pathogen transportation as a virus carrier. We investigated the association between air pollution and subsequent COVID-19 mortality rates within two Italian regions (Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). We estimated ground-level nitrogen dioxide through its tropospheric levels using data available from the Sentinel satellites of the European Space Agency Copernicus program before the lockdown. We then examined COVID-19 mortality rates in relation to the nitrogen dioxide levels at three 14-day lag points after the lockdown, namely March 8, 22 and April 5. Using a multivariable negative binomial regression model, we found an association between nitrogen dioxide and COVID-19 mortality. Although ecological data provide only weak evidence, these findings indicate an association between air pollution levels and COVID-19 severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

Filippini

Rothman

Cocchio

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Epidemiological evidence associates chronic PM 2.5 exposure to health problems [9; 10; 11]. Nonetheless, in a recent study, researchers did not observed association between PM 2.5 exposures with COVID-19 transmission during the rst months of the pandemic [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of COVID-19: findings from a post hoc analysis.”

Vasquez-Apestegui

Parras-Garrido

Tapia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Corona virus disease (COVID-19) originated in China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of the cases has occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite of early implementation of quarantine. Air pollution could be related to the high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the associated case-fatality rates (deaths/cases*100). Lima, Peru has the second highest incidence of COVID-19 in Latin America, and it is also one of the cities with highest levels of air pollution in the Region. Methods This study investigated the association of the levels of PM2.5 exposure in the previous years (2010–2016) in 24 districts of Lima with the positive-cases, deaths and case-fatality rates of COVID-19. Multiple Linear regression was used to evaluate this association controlled by age, sex, population density and number of food markets per district. The study period was from March 6 to June 12, 2020. Results There were in Lima 128,700 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases, and 2,382 deaths due to COVID-19. The case-fatality rate was 1.93%. Previous exposure to PM2.5 (years 2010—2016) was associated with number of Covid-19 positive-cases (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.034–0.107) and deaths (β = 0.0014; 95% CI: 0.0006–0.0.0023), but not with case-fatality rate. Conclusions the higher rates of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Lima is attributable, among others, to the increased PM2.5 exposure in the previous years after adjusting for age, sex and number of food markets. Reduction of air pollution since a long-term perspective, and social distancing are needed to prevent spreads of virus outbreak.

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“…Indeed, epidemiological evidence associates chronic PM 2.5 exposure with health problems [9][10][11]. Nonetheless, in a recent study, researchers did not observe an association between PM 2.5 exposure and COVID-19 transmission during the first months of the pandemic [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of Covid-19: findings from a post hoc analysis

Gonzáles

Vasquez-Apestegui

Parras-Garrido

et al. 2022

ISEE Conference Abstracts

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the People's Republic of China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of cases occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite the early implementation of quarantine. Air pollution might be related to high susceptibility to the virus and associated case fatality rates (deaths/cases*100). Lima, Peru, has the second highest incidence of COVID-19 in Latin America and also has one the highest levels of air pollution in the region. Methods: This study investigated the association of levels of PM 2.5 exposure in previous years (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) in 24 districts of Lima with cases, deaths and case fatality rates for COVID-19. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate this association controlled by age, sex, population density and number of food markets per district. The study period was from March 6 to June 12, 2020. Results: There were 128,700 cases in Lima and 2382 deaths due to COVID-19. The case fatality rate was 1.93%. Previous exposure to PM 2.5 (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) was associated with the number of COVID-19-cases (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.034-0.107) and deaths (β = 0.0014; 95% CI: 0.0006-0.0.0023) but not with the case fatality rate. Conclusions: After adjusting for age, sex and number of food markets, the higher rates of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Lima are attributable to the increased PM 2.5 exposure in the previous years, among other reasons. Reduction in air pollution from a long-term perspective and social distancing are needed to prevent the spread of virus outbreaks.

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A city-level analysis of air pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread during the Spanish lockdown

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

Associations between mortality from COVID-19 in two Italian regions and outdoor air pollution as assessed through tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

“Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of COVID-19: findings from a post hoc analysis.”

Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of Covid-19: findings from a post hoc analysis

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