A Chemical Surface Modification of Chitosan by Glycoconjugates To Enhance the Cell−Biomaterial Interaction

Abstract

The use of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a lectin molecule, to modify chitosan and enhance the cell-biomaterial interaction was examined. The percentage of living fibroblast cells on the surfaces of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control, WGA-modified chitosan, and unmodified chitosan films increased to 99%, 99%, and 85%, respectively, after seeding for 48 h. DNA staining revealed that a portion of fibroblasts cultivated on chitosan films( )were undergoing apoptosis. In contrast, fibroblasts growing on WGA-modified chitosan film surfaces did not show any indication of apoptosis. The number of fibroblast cells was the highest on the WGA-modified chitosan surfaces, followed by the TCPS and unmodified chitosan surfaces. This WGA-mediated enhancement on the fibroblast cell-biomaterial interaction was cell type dependent. Other types of cells may need different lectin molecules for enhanced interaction with biomaterials. Further, the evaluation of the heat shock protein (HSP) mRNA expression indicated that HSP 90 expression was increased in the fibroblast cells cultivated on chitosan films and decreased to basal levels on the WGA-modified chitosan films. Taken together, our data suggest that the use of WGA and other lectin molecules to enhance the cell-biomaterial interaction via oligosaccharide-mediated cell adhesion is a promising way to improve cell adhesion and proliferation, the two key issues in tissue engineering.

Layer‐by‐Layer Buildup of Poly(L‐glutamic acid)/Chitosan Film for Biologically Active Coating

“…Another potential application lies in the facile incorporation of bioactive substances coupled to CS or PGA multilayer films designed for cell-targeted action. [37,38] Experimental Part Chemicals Poly(L-glutamic acid) (M v ¼ 24.7 kDa) was prepared from poly(gbenzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of the N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) of g-benzyl-Lglutamate in our laboratory. [39] (The viscosity-average molecular weight M v was obtained from the Mark-Houwink equation:…”

Thiolated Chitosan/DNA Nanocomplexes Exhibit Enhanced and Sustained Gene Delivery

“…Chitosan has emerged as a promising candidate for gene delivery because of biocompatibility, biodegradability, favorable physicochemical properties and ease of chemical modification. The presence of positive charges from amine groups makes chitosan suitable for modification of its physicochemical and biological properties (15,16), and enables it to transport plasmid DNA (pDNA) into cells via endocytosis and membrane destability (4,11,17,18). Most studies to date have used high molecular weight chitosan (100 Y 400 kDa), which exhibits aggregation, low solubility under physiological conditions, high viscosity at concentrations used for in vivo delivery and slow dissociation or degradation (18).…”

Electrospun chitosan-graft-poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly (ε-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffolds for retinal tissue engineering

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] antimicrobial properties. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Despite the promising potential of chitosan, its poor electrospinnability, insolubility in common organic solvents, and high brittleness have hampered its basic research and applications. 16,17,21 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a semicrystalline biodegradable polyester, has received US Food and Drug Administration approval for several clinical applications for humans, and it is also a commonly used scaffold for tissue engineering due to its high biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and nontoxicity.…”