A chemical composition evolution for the shape-controlled synthesis and energy storage applicability of Fe3O4–C nanostructures

Abstract

Temporarily stabilized iron oxychloride (FeOCl) nanospindles have been collected for the first time shortly after the forced hydrolysis of iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3 ) in the reaction medium of glycerol and water (1 : 7, v/ v) at 145 uC. In this paper, a novel chemical composition evolution of orthorhombic FeOCl to tetragonal akaganeite (b-FeOOH) and then to cubic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) has been successfully used for the shapecontrolled synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 -C spindle-like nanocomposites. During this evolution process, the crystal structures of spindle-like intermediates have been investigated, along with the random doping of amorphous carbon into the final products. As a lithium ion battery anode, Fe 3 O 4 -C composite nanospindles can give a significantly high initial coulombic efficiency (80.6%), a reversible discharge capacity of 1029 mA h g 21 at 200 mA g 21 over 100 cycles, and the 100th retention value of 711.6 mA h g 21 at a high current rate of 1000 mA g 21 . Therefore, a combination of the fine nanofabrication of Fe 3 O 4 crystals with a spindle-like shape and the random doping of amorphous carbon may offer an effective approach to the development of transition metal oxide-based anode materials for high-energy lithium ion batteries.

Enhanced Cycling Stability of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Graphene‐Wrapped Fe3O4‐Graphene Nanoribbons as Anode Materials

“…The peak at 1.47 V resulted from the structure transition caused by lithium interaction with crystalline Fe 3 O 4 , as shown in the equation (Fe 3 O 4 + x Li + + x e − ⇌ Li x (Fe 3 O 4 ) (0 ≤ x ≤ 2)). The peak at 0.73 V corresponded to further reduction of Li x (Fe 3 O 4 ) to Fe(0) as shown in the equation of Li x (Fe 3 O 4 ) + (8 – x )Li + + (8 – x )e − ⇌ 3Fe + 4Li 2 O(0 ≤ x ≤ 2) . The peak at 0.50 V resulted from the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) which occurs during the first cycle but disappears in the subsequent cycles.…”

“…[ 11,[41][42][43] The peak at 0.50 V resulted from the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) which occurs during the fi rst cycle but disappears in the subsequent cycles. [ 11,[41][42][43] The peak at 0.50 V resulted from the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) which occurs during the fi rst cycle but disappears in the subsequent cycles.…”

Au‐NP‐Decorated Crystalline FeOCl Nanosheet: Facile Synthesis by Laser Ablation in Liquid and its Exclusive Gas Sensing Response to HCl at Room Temperature

“…Other applications are rarely reported in the literature. In any case, it is commonly accepted that the performances are closely related with morphology, structure, specific area, and chemical stability of FeOCl nanomaterials, which strongly depends on the preparation strategies and experimental conditions . For decades, however, almost all the reported FeOCl materials were obtained by one exclusive strategy, the chemical vapor transport (CVT), which utilizes FeCl 3 and Fe 2 O 3 mixed powders as precursor and requires a heating procedure at a temperature of 380 °C over days .…”

Mesoscopic magnetic iron oxide spheres for high performance Li-ion battery anode: a new pulsed laser induced reactive micro-bubble synthesis process

“…During the rst cathodic reaction one single peak appears at 0.54 V, which corresponds to the reduction of Fe 3 O 4 to Fe 0 , which is due to the insertion of Li into the Fe 3 O 4 lattice. 40 Further, electrolyte decomposition and the subsequent formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) cannot be ruled out. Similarly in the rst anodic process two peaks are noted at 1.68 V and 1.84 V which correspond to the gradual oxidation of Fe 0 to Fe 2+ and then to Fe 3+ to reform the magnetite phase.…”

“…Fe 3 O 4 is one of the promising anode materials for LIB compared to its counterparts Fe 2 O 3 and FeO. [40][41][42][43][44][45] There are several reports available about the use of Fe 3 O 4 nanostructures as electrode materials for LIB applications, but these reports failed to address various issues and limitations. The major limitations of Fe 3 O 4 as an anode material are the fading capacity due to the lack of stability and the decrease in the coulombic efficiency.…”