A chart to link child centiles of body mass index, weight and height

Cole, TJ

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601473

Cited by 117 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Partial correlations were also calculated controlling for the precise time interval between visits. Correlations were calculated separately for children of obese and normal-weight parents, for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, for first-and second-born twins, for boys and girls and for children age 4 years above or below the 85th percentile of BMI for age and sex relative to 1990 British norms (Cole, 2002), to test for group differences in continuity. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare means of the subscale scores between ages 4 and 11 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children

et al. 2007

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Objective: To discover whether eating behaviour traits show continuity and stability over childhood. Subjects/Methods: Mothers of 428 twin children from the Twins Early Development Study participated in a study of eating and weight in 1999 when the children were 4 years old. Families were contacted again in 2006 when the children were aged 10 years, with complete data on 322 children; a response rate of 75%. At both times, mothers completed the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) for each child. Continuity was assessed with correlations between scores at the two time points, and stability by changes in mean scores over time.Results: For all CEBQ subscales, correlations between the two time points were highly significant (P-values o0.001). For satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional overeating and food fussiness, correlations ranged from r ¼ 0.44 to 0.55, with lower continuity for emotional undereating (r ¼ 0.29). Over time, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, food fussiness, and emotional undereating decreased, while food responsiveness, enjoyment of food and emotional overeating increased. Conclusions: Eating behaviours, including those associated with a tendency to overeat, emerge early in the developmental pathway and show levels of individual continuity comparable to stable personality traits. Appetitive traits related to higher satiety tended to decrease with maturation, while those associated with food responsiveness tended to increase. This pattern is consistent with strong tracking of body mass index alongside a progressive increase in the risk of obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children

et al. 2007

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“…A limitation of this method is the assumption that the distribution of a child's weight for age is the same as the distribution of weight at the child's height for age (Himes and Dietz, 1994). In a recent analysis of weight for height indices using a large cross-sectional survey of Dutch individuals, Cole (2002) reported that weight and height centile comparisons similar to ARW, are not an accurate measure of weight-for-height, as the difference between weight and height centiles was poorly correlated to weight and negatively correlated with height. Weight and height centile comparisons similar to ARW risk falsely identifying large numbers of children in need of intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to weight and height centile comparisons that assume weight and height are of equal importance, BMI expresses weight adjusted for height (Cole, 2002). In children BMI changes with age and so should be assessed using age-and sex-specific references (Cole et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children, using four different definitions

et al. 2006

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children using four different weight-for-height methods and to examine secular trends from previous national data. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Weight and height were measured according to standard procedures and used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity using four weight-for-height methods of assessment, actual relative weight, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention body mass index (BMI) for age charts for boys and girls, the BMI reference curves for the UK 1990 and the International Obesity Task Force age-and sex-specific BMI cutoffs. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children is high, but varies considerably with each method. The prevalence of obesity in boys ranged from 4.1 to 11.2 % and in girls from 9.3 to 16.3%. Between 1990 and 2005, depending on the method used, there was a two-to-fourfold increase in obesity in children aged 8-12 years. Conclusion: It is evident given the variation displayed in the prevalence of obesity when using the different methods, that there is a discernible need for a single definition to identify the obese child in Ireland. The findings show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children and the increase in the prevalence of obesity over the last 15 years highlights this growing public health issue.

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“…It has been shown to be superior to the simpler index WT/height, 19 and is statistically robust because WT is normalised for height by raising height to the power 2 in most age groups. 3,4 In contrast, WT/height remains negatively correlated with height, 19 and is therefore inappropriate. The main limitation of BMI is that is not a direct index of adiposity, and does not reflect individual variability in total or central fatness satisfactorily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indices of whole-body and central adiposity for evaluating the metabolic load of obesity

Wells

Victora

2005

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND:To assess the relative metabolic load or risk imposed by fatness, fat mass (FM) is commonly expressed as a proportion of weight (% fat), while central adiposity is assessed using the ratio of triceps (TRI) to subscapular (SUBS) skinfolds. The statistical validity of these indices, defined as independence of the index from its denominator, has received inadequate evaluation. OBJECTIVE: To critically examine commonly used obesity indices, and to propose more appropriate approaches. DESIGN: Cross-sectional studies. SUBJECTS: In total, 148 infants; 2195 adult men aged 18 y. METHODS: log-log regression analysis was used to explore the relationships between FM and weight (WT) or fat-free mass (FFM) (adults), and between TRI and SUBS (infants and adults). RESULTS: The simple indices FM/WT, FM/FFM, TRI/SUBS and SUBS/TRI remained related to their denominators, showing their rankings of individuals to be biased by size or fatness. The appropriate power (p) by which to raise the denominator was determined from regression analyses, and differed from unity in all cases. Both skinfold ratios showed a nonlinear relationship with their denominators. CONCLUSION: Simple indices for evaluating whole-body or central adiposity are statistically flawed, and remain influenced by size or fatness of the subject. The index FM/WT is conceptually flawed because FM appears in both numerator and denominator, and the index FM/FFM p is preferable. Skinfold ratios are also problematic, and to evaluate central adiposity SUBS alone, or SUBS/ FFM p , may represent more appropriate approaches. These issues should be investigated in other studies in order to address possible influences of age, ethnicity, gender and nutritional status.

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A chart to link child centiles of body mass index, weight and height

Cited by 117 publications

References 12 publications

Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children

Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish school children, using four different definitions

Indices of whole-body and central adiposity for evaluating the metabolic load of obesity

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