A Characterization of Load Balancing on the IPv6 Internet

Almeida, Rafael Galvão de; Fonseca, Osvaldo; Fazzion, Elverton; Guedes, Dorgival; Meira, Wagner; Cunha, Ítalo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54328-4_18

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Figure 7, we examine the relationship between each z64 target set's count of interface addresses discovered via probing from the EU-NET vantage point, and the number of probe packets required. 2 We observe qualitatively similar results from the other vantage points, and choose to focus on the EU-NET results due to space constraints. 2 Equivalently, at a fixed probing rate, this plot shows discovery as a function of time.…”

Section: Target Sets Powermentioning

confidence: 55%

“…2 We observe qualitatively similar results from the other vantage points, and choose to focus on the EU-NET results due to space constraints. 2 Equivalently, at a fixed probing rate, this plot shows discovery as a function of time. Table 7).…”

Section: Target Sets Powermentioning

confidence: 55%

“…6Gen exploits address locality: discovery of new targets happens closer to highly dense ranges. In a nybble, targets are generated either based on a specific range (e.g., 2:: [1][2][3][4]:0) or wildcard (e.g., 2::? :0); the former is tight clustering while the latter is referred as loose.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to IPv4 paths, Almeida et al find load balancing prevalent on IPv6 paths they sample [2]. We therefore wish to ensure that the packet headers remain constant and accommodate load balanced paths, however the transport checksum will be different for each probe as the TTL and timestamp in the Yarrp6 payload changes.…”

Section: Yarrp6mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In the IP of the Beholder

Beverly

Durairajan²,

Plonka

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Existing methods for active topology discovery within the IPv6 Internet largely mirror those of IPv4. In light of the large and sparsely populated address space, in conjunction with aggressive ICMPv6 rate limiting by routers, this work develops a different approach to Internet-wide IPv6 topology mapping. We adopt randomized probing techniques in order to distribute probing load, minimize the effects of rate limiting, and probe at higher rates. Second, we extensively analyze the efficiency and efficacy of various IPv6 hitlists and target generation methods when used for topology discovery, and synthesize new target lists based on our empirical results to provide both breadth (coverage across networks) and depth (to find potential subnetting). Employing our probing strategy, we discover more than 1.3M IPv6 router interface addresses from a single vantage point. Finally, we share our prober implementation, synthesized target lists, and discovered IPv6 topology results.

show abstract

Section: Target Sets Powermentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Target Sets Powermentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Yarrp6mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In the IP of the Beholder

Beverly

Durairajan²,

Plonka

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Like in Marchetta et al's survey [37], our survey transforms IP level traces into router-level topologies, but it does so with a single tool, while tracing, rather than with additional measurements by other tools a posteriori. Almeida et al characterized multipath routes in the IPv6 Internet [14], while we have yet to extend our tool to do the same. Marchetta…”

Section: Related Work 61 Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel MDA-Lite Paris Traceroute

Vermeulen

Strowes²,

Fourmaux

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since its introduction in Traceroute and its Multipath Detection Algorithm (MDA) have been used to conduct well over a billion IP level multipath route traces from platforms such as M-Lab. Unfortunately, the MDA requires a large number of packets in order to trace an entire topology of load balanced paths between a source and a destination, which makes it undesirable for platforms that otherwise deploy Paris Traceroute, such as RIPE Atlas. In this paper we present a major update to the Paris Traceroute tool. Our contributions are: (1) MDA-Lite, an alternative to the MDA that significantly cuts overhead while maintaining a low failure probability; (2) Fakeroute, a simulator that enables validation of a multipath route tracing tool's adherence to its claimed failure probability bounds; (3) multilevel multipath route tracing, with, for the first time, a Traceroute tool that provides a router-level view of multipath routes; and (4) surveys at both the IP and router levels of multipath routing in the Internet, showing, among other things, that load balancing topologies have increased in size well beyond what has been previously reported as recently as 2016. The data and the software underlying these results are publicly available.

show abstract