A changing picture of shigellosis in southern Vietnam: shifting species dominance, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical presentation

Abstract

Background: Shigellosis remains considerable public health problem in some developing countries. The nature of Shigellae suggests that they are highly adaptable when placed under selective pressure in a human population. This is demonstrated by variation and fluctuations in serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profile of organisms circulating in differing setting in endemic locations. Antimicrobial resistance in the genus Shigella is a constant threat, with reports of organisms in Asia being resistant to multiple antimicrobials and new generation therapies.

Travel- and Community-Based Transmission of Multidrug-ResistantShigellasonneiLineage among International Orthodox Jewish Communities

“…The lineage was monophyletic and had a strong time signature, consistent with a point introduction and subsequent epidemic emergence. This pattern was similar to that observed in Vietnam after the introduction of another global III S. sonnei sublineage (15,17). The date of the emergence of the OJC-associated lineage (1988 [95% highest posterior distribution [1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990]) is consistent with that estimated in a previous study where a 2-isolate lineage emerged in the Middle East during 1983 (16).…”

“…Moreover, S. sonnei prevalence increases as nations develop economically (12)(13)(14)(15). To examine the underlying processes of such broad epidemiologic phenomena over medium-to long-term scales in bacterial populations, robust, high-resolution molecular subtyping is used.…”

Shigellosis in Subjects with Traveler's Diarrhea Versus Domestically Acquired Diarrhea: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance

“…Although S. flexneri is the most commonly isolated species in the developing world, in the last decade a shift in the predominant species have been occurred with a replacement of S. sonnei for S. flexneri in urban areas. 14,[22][23][24] This fact can explain our results. In contrast, S. flexneri was the most frequent serotype isolated in DAD in our study in In bold, statistically significant differences between groups: * P < 0.0001; † P = 0.021; ‡ P = 0.034.…”

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of strains of Shigella sonnei isolated over 31 years suggests the circulation of two prevalent subtypes in São Paulo State, Brazil

“…Shigella sonnei has been more commonly isolated in developed countries, while S. flexneri has been isolated more in developing countries (Kotloff et al, 1999;Koppolu et al, 2013;Cruz et al, 2014). The recent emergence of S. sonnei in developing countries reinforces the need for effective epidemiological surveillance systems (Vinh et al, 2009;UdDin et al, 2013;The et al, , 2016.…”