A Century of Monitoring Weather and Crops: The Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin

Heddinghaus, Thomas R.; Comte, Douglas M. Le

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<0180:acomwa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, it is more indicative of climatological drought severity. The 2 index responds to higher frequency weather events, and more accurately represents agricultural demands for moisture (Alley, 1984;Karl, 1986;Heddinghaus and LeComte, 1989). Strong spatial differences in the patterns of drought frequency and persistence are related, at least in part, to the Palmer index used (Soul6, 1992).…”

Section: Data and Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic‐scale vegetation—cloud interactions during drought using satellite data

Carleton

Travis

Arnold

et al. 1994

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Land-surface-atmosphere interactions for the 1988 summer drought in the Mid-west USA are studied at climatic scales (lo4 km2; > 5 days) using polar orbiter satellite radiance information on vegetation activity and cloud conditions. The emphasis is on documenting the occurrences of 'organized' land-cover types and cumulus convection, and evaluating their mutual associations. For purpose of comparison, similar analyses are performed for the more moisture sufficient (non-drought) summer of 1987. The satellite retrievals and analysis methods are calibrated using station meteorological data on precipitation and surface moisture, and also land-cover maps.In early summer (June) 1988, Mid-west USA land surfaces were generally highly stressed (high shortwave reflectance, high surface temperatures), particularly for the Corn Belt. Moreover, the spatial variation of the land-cover signal was greater than in June 1987, and also when compared with later that summer (August 1988). Statistical analysis suggests a significant role for the land surface conditions of early summer in the spatial patterns of deep convection over the remainder of the season. This involves generally higher (lower) frequencies of convective cloud days for surfaces having a high relative density of forest vegetation (crops). Because broadly similar results are obtained for the summer of 1987, the possibility exists that the vegetation-convective-cloud interaction may be a feature of Mid-west USA summer climate.The diurnal dependence of cloud-forming processes for agricultural and natural vegetation regions is assessed using GOES cloud imagery at high temporal resolution for a 'typical' convective day in early summer 1988. Associations with station radiosonde data support the hypothesis that spatial differences in land cover influence the generation and timing of convective cloudiness for the Mid-west region.

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Section: Data and Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic‐scale vegetation—cloud interactions during drought using satellite data

Carleton

Travis

Arnold

et al. 1994

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…It is important to note that all four Palmer indexes are insensitive to man-made droughts, such as drought created by large-scale changes in the local water usage. More detailed descriptions are given by Palmer (1965), Karl (1983Karl ( , 1986, Alley (1984), Heddinghaus and Sabol (1991), Guttman (1991), and Guttman et al (1992).…”

Section: Drought Indexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Perspective of U.S. Climate Divisions

Guttman¹,

Quayle²

1996

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

265

174

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The history of climatic divisions in the contiguous United States has been pieced together from fragmentary documentation. Each of the 48 contiguous states has been subdivided into climatic divisions. Divisional boundaries are now standardized, and a set of climatic variables for time-invariant divisional boundaries has been compiled for the period of record beginning in 1895. This paper documents the origins of climatic divisions, the computational methodology of an area-invariant divisional dataset maintained by the National Climatic Data Center, and the strengths and weaknesses of divisional data.

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“…Its acceptance by the water community (Wilhite et al, 1991) is based on the lack of a clearly superior alternative, its ready availability, and perhaps simply a tradition of use. PDSI values have been calculated for the contiguous United States and routinely included in the Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin since 1961 (Wilhite et al, 1991;Heddinghaus and LeCompte, 1989). Because of its widespread application, it is important to examine the index in terms of its proper use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPATIAL COMPARABILITY OF THE PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX¹

Guttman¹,

Wallis²,

Hosking

1992

J American Water Resour Assoc

149

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The Palmer Drought Severity Index, which is intended to be of reasonable comparable local significance both in space and time, has been extensively used as a measure of drought for both agricultural and water resource management. This study examines the spatial comparability of Palmer's (1965) definition of severe and extreme drought. Index values have been computed for 1035 sites with at least 60 years of record that are scattered across the contiguous United States, and quantile values corresponding to a specified index value were calculated for given months and then mapped.The analyses show that severe or extreme droughts, as defined by Palmer (1965), are not spatially comparable in terms of identifying rare events. The wide variation across the country in the frequency of occurrence of Palmer's (1965) extreme droughts reflects the differences in the variability of precipitation, as well as the average amount of precipitation. It is recommended first, that a drought index be developed which considers both variability and averages; and second, that water resource managers and planners define a drought in terms of an index value that corresponds to the expected quantile (return period) of the event.(KEY TERMS: drought indices; climatology; water management.)

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A Century of Monitoring Weather and Crops: The Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Climatic‐scale vegetation—cloud interactions during drought using satellite data

Climatic‐scale vegetation—cloud interactions during drought using satellite data

A Historical Perspective of U.S. Climate Divisions

SPATIAL COMPARABILITY OF THE PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX¹

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A Century of Monitoring Weather and Crops: The Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Climatic‐scale vegetation—cloud interactions during drought using satellite data

Climatic‐scale vegetation—cloud interactions during drought using satellite data

A Historical Perspective of U.S. Climate Divisions

SPATIAL COMPARABILITY OF THE PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX1

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SPATIAL COMPARABILITY OF THE PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX¹