A Cell Co-Culture Taste Sensor Using Different Proportions of Caco-2 and SH-SY5Y Cells for Bitterness Detection

Abstract

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are involved in bitter taste perception, which is one of the five basic taste modalities in mammals. In this study, a cell co-culture taste sensor using different proportions of Caco-2 cells and SH-SY5Y cells was proposed. Caco-2 cells, which endogenously expressed the human T2R38 receptor, and SH-SY5Y cells, which endogenously expressed the human T2R16 receptor, were co-cultured. Using Caco-2 cells and SH-SY5Y cells at a constant total concentration of 40 K/mL, we designed seven mixtures with [Caco-2]/([Caco-2] + [SH-SY5Y]) ratios of 0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100%. These mixtures were then seeded on the 16 E-plates of the electric cell-substrate impedance sensor (ECIS) for bitterness detection. Theoretically, after T2R38 ligands activation, continuous evolution profiles (CEP), with [Caco-2]/([Caco-2] + [SH-SY5Y]) ratios as the x-axis and ΔCI (Max) as the y-axis, would exhibit positive correlation property. After T2R16 ligands activation, the CEP would show negative correlation property. However, when stimulated with compounds that could activate both T2R16 and T2R38, it would show different response patterns.

The Role of Bifidobacterium bifidum novaBBF7, Bifidobacterium longum novaBLG2 and Lactobacillus paracasei TJB8 to Improve Mechanisms Linked to Neuronal Cells Protection against Oxidative Condition in a Gut-Brain Axis Model

“…Consequently, further experiments were performed considering how this study focused on the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the CNS and the enteric nervous system, linking emotional and cognitive centres of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Therefore, samples metabolized by intestinal cells were used to stimulate the SHSY-5Y cells placed in the basolateral compartment [36] analyzing the main biological activity exerted by probiotics during cognitive dysfunctions. In detail, the probiotics tested did not induce any damage at the neuronal level, confirming their safety properties and enhancing antioxidant mechanisms and antineuroinflammation activity as revealed by the analysis of cell viability, ROS and TNFα productions in Figure 2, respectively.…”

Enhancing Vitamin D3 Efficacy: Insights from Complexation with Cyclodextrin Nanosponges and Its Impact on Gut–Brain Axes in Physiology and IBS Syndrome

“…Specifically, our experiments focused on the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system connecting the central and enteric nervous systems. Using samples metabolized by intestinal cells to stimulate SHSY-5Y cells in the basolateral compartment [22], we analyzed the primary biological activities of VitD3 forms during cognitive dysfunction induced by H 2 O 2 . Importantly, the tested VitD3 types demonstrated safety, enhancing cellular antioxidant activity and reducing lipid peroxidation, with observed effects in the healthy gut/degenerative brain axis and the IBS gut/degenerative brain axis models.…”

Recent Advances in Bitterness-Sensing Systems

“…Recently, some cell coculture sensors for bitterness evaluation have been reported. By coculturing Caco-2 cells and SH-SY5Y cells, which express different bitter taste receptors in various proportions, Qin and coworkers fabricated a bitterness biosensor on CIS and efficiently improved the discrimination ability for three bitter substances [ 127 ]. Furthermore, Yun and other colleagues simulated the intercellular signal communication in a bitter gustation and assembled taste cells and neuronal cells through DNA–lipid conjunctions to detect bitter compounds [ 128 ].…”