Enhancing Vitamin D3 Efficacy: Insights from Complexation with Cyclodextrin Nanosponges and Its Impact on Gut–Brain Axes in Physiology and IBS Syndrome

Abstract

Vitamin D3 (VitD3) plays a crucial role in various cellular functions through its receptor interaction. The biological activity of Vitamin D3 can vary based on its solubility and stability. Thus, the challenge lies in maximizing its biological effects through its complexation within cyclodextrin (βNS-CDI 1:4) nanosponges (NS) (defined as VitD3NS). Therefore, its activity has been evaluated on two different gut–brain axes (healthy gut/degenerative brain and inflammatory bowel syndrome gut/degenerative brain axis). At the gut level, VitD3-NS mitigated liposaccharide-induced damage (100 ng/mL; for 48 h), restoring viability, integrity, and activity of tight junctions and reducing ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and cytokines levels. Following intestinal transit, VitD3-NS improved the neurodegenerative condition in the healthy axis and the IBS model, suggesting the ability of VitD3-NS to preserve efficacy and beneficial effects even in IBS conditions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the ability of this novel form of VitD3, named VitD3-NS, to act on the gut–brain axis in healthy and damaged conditions, emphasizing enhanced biological activity through VitD3 complexation, as such complexation increases the beneficial effect of vitamin D3 in both the gut and brain by about 50%.

An Innovative Probiotic-Based Supplement to Mitigate Molecular Factors Connected to Depression and Anxiety: An In Vitro Study

“…Subsequently, the plate with Streptavidin-HRP solution, 100 µL of chromogen solution, was incubated in each well for 30 min at room temperature without light. The absorbance of each well was then determined at 450 nm utilizing a Tecan plate reader after applying stop solution [67]. The data are presented as mean ± SD (%) relative to the untreated control sample (0% line).…”

From Gut to Brain: Uncovering Potential Serum Biomarkers Connecting Inflammatory Bowel Diseases to Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…For example, it can modulate the activation of microglia, which are immune cells in the CNS, reducing their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, suggesting that vitamin D3 may have neuroprotective effects and help prevent immune-mediated damage in the CNS [ 80 , 86 ]. Also, vitamin D3 regulates various processes in the gut–brain axis, including the integrity of the intestinal barrier, the composition of the gut microbiota, and the production of antimicrobial peptides [ 77 , 78 , 87 ]. It also modulates immune responses in the gut, reducing inflammation and promoting immune tolerance.…”