A Catalogue of the Insects, Mites and Pathogens that have been used or Rejected, or are Under Consideration, for the Biological Control of Invasive Alien Plants in South Africa

Klein, Hildegard

doi:10.4001/003.019.0214

Cited by 87 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Despite the large role that releases play in invertebrate introductions in South Africa, this pathway plays a relatively small role globally and in Europe (Kenis et al 2007;Hulme et al 2008). In South Africa alien invertebrates are released for the biological control of alien organisms, and the importance of this pathway demonstrates the significance of South African biological control projects (Moran et al 2005;Klein 2011;Moran et al 2013). Finally, while the corridor pathway plays an important role in some regions (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathway attributes and in particular human intention have also determined the level of success attained by released invertebrates. As these invertebrates are biological control agents, they are unlikely to have large-scale negative impacts due to the competency of pre-release screening protocols (Moran et al 2005;Klein 2011;Moran et al 2013). In contrast, invertebrate contaminants and stowaways receive little human assistance and thus although a large number of invertebrates were introduced through these pathways, there was no significant association between these unintentional introductions and invasion.…”

Section: Invasion Status Of Taxa Introduced By Different Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These trends are not unique and globally there has been a decline in the release pathway for vertebrates (since ~1900; and an increase in the escape pathway for vertebrates (~1940s; Kraus 2007) and plants (from ~1780;Hulme et al 2008). The dramatic increase in the importance of the release pathway for invertebrate introductions mirrors an increase, from 1970, in the number of biological control agents released (Moran et al 2005;Klein 2011). Regulatory process complications resulted in a decline in the number of biological control agents released between 2000 and 2011 (Klein 2011).…”

Section: Temporal Variations In the Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dramatic increase in the importance of the release pathway for invertebrate introductions mirrors an increase, from 1970, in the number of biological control agents released (Moran et al 2005;Klein 2011). Regulatory process complications resulted in a decline in the number of biological control agents released between 2000 and 2011 (Klein 2011). However, as these complications have been remedied we expect a future increase in invertebrate releases (Klein 2011).…”

Section: Temporal Variations In the Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulatory process complications resulted in a decline in the number of biological control agents released between 2000 and 2011 (Klein 2011). However, as these complications have been remedied we expect a future increase in invertebrate releases (Klein 2011).…”

Section: Temporal Variations In the Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding and managing the introduction pathways of alien taxa: South Africa as a case study

et al. 2015

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For the effective prevention of biological invasions, the pathways responsible for introductions must be understood and managed. However introduction pathways, particularly for developing nations, However the number of new plant and vertebrate escapes has increased over time. Invertebrates have been deliberately released or unintentionally introduced as contaminants or stowaways. For invertebrates the number of release, contaminant and stowaway introductions has increased, and most contaminants and stowaways have become invasive. As effective screening procedures are in place for invertebrates released for biological control, the major threats for South Africa are from vertebrate and plant escapes and invertebrate contaminants and stowaways. We recommend improvements to risk assessment and education to prevent escapes, and prioritised inspection strategies to reduce stowaway and contaminant introductions. Finally, as introduction pathways and introduced taxa change temporally, biosecurity decisions need to be informed by information on current and future pathways.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Invasion Status Of Taxa Introduced By Different Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Variations In the Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Variations In the Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Variations In the Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding and managing the introduction pathways of alien taxa: South Africa as a case study

et al. 2015

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South Africa’s Pathways of Introduction and Dispersal and How They Have Changed Over Time

Faulkner

Burness

Byrne

et al. 2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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The Impact of Invasive Alien Plants on Rangelands in South Africa

O’Connor

Wilgen

2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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Rangeland covers >70% of the land surface of South Africa, and includes grassland, savanna, thicket, and karroid shrubland vegetation. These rangelands support domestic livestock and wildlife whose economic value is around ZAR 30 billion annually. They are invaded by hundreds of alien plant species, of which 71 have been identified as being of special importance in South African rangelands. These species are able to proliferate in response to disturbances, of which grazing and fire are the two most important for South African rangelands; changes to fire and grazing regimes can therefore promote invasion, especially by alien trees. These trees replace palatable grasses and are generally unpalatable themselves. At a national scale, invasive alien plants are estimated to reduce the value of livestock production by ZAR 340 million annually, but this is expected to increase dramatically as plant invasions spread, and as additional alien species become invasive. Invasive species that have increased their range dramatically by up to 671% between 2006 and 2016 include Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Pompom Weed), Opuntia engelmannii (Small Round-leaved Prickly Pear), Opuntia humifusa (Large-Flowered Prickly Pear), Parthenium hysterophorus (Parthenium Weed), Trichocereus spachianus (Torch Cactus), and Verbena bonariensis (Wild Verbena). Studies that document the impacts of individual species on rangeland composition and structure cover only a few species, including Prosopis species (Mesquite), Acacia mearnsii (Black Wattle) and Parthenium hysterophorus, all of which can dramatically reduce grass cover and the capacity to support livestock, especially at high densities. Invasive plants in rangelands can also be beneficial as sources of firewood, fodder, shade and medicinal products. Some species may offer considerable value when at low abundance but

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A Catalogue of the Insects, Mites and Pathogens that have been used or Rejected, or are Under Consideration, for the Biological Control of Invasive Alien Plants in South Africa

Cited by 87 publications

References 109 publications

Understanding and managing the introduction pathways of alien taxa: South Africa as a case study

Understanding and managing the introduction pathways of alien taxa: South Africa as a case study

South Africa’s Pathways of Introduction and Dispersal and How They Have Changed Over Time

The Impact of Invasive Alien Plants on Rangelands in South Africa

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