A case study on the relationship between conductivity and dissolved solids to evaluate the potential for reuse of reclaimed industrial wastewater

Ali, Naqvi Sohail; Mo, Kyung; Kim, Moonil

doi:10.1007/s12205-012-1581-x

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The conductivity levels too were found to be the highest in samples from Sites 1, 4, and 5 and since conductivity levels are strongly related to the TDS (total dissolved solids) levels [20], it can be established that the samples from these sites contained high TDS content. The temperature levels in all the samples were found to be significantly under the tolerance limit for industrial effluent standard (40 ∘ C, i.e., 104 ∘ F) as specified by Environment Conservation Regulations (ECR) 1997 [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The conductivity levels too were found to be the highest in samples from Sites 1, 4, and 5 with means of 1478.83 S/cm, 1181.17 S/cm, and 1003.83 S/cm, respectively. The conductivity levels are strongly related to the TDS levels [20]; hence it can be established that the samples from these sites contained high TDS contents given that these were effluents from a mixture of industries (as in the case of Site 1), wastewater sources (as in the case of Site 4), and plastic waste products (as in the case of Site 5). Furthermore, here too, significant deviations from the mean values can be seen in the samples from Sites 1 and 4, the reason being as mentioned previously.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Physical Parameters Of The Industrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Industrial Effluents in Nepal

Shrestha

Neupane

Bisht

2017

Journal of Chemistry

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It is a well-known fact that the effluents released from the industries and environmental degradation go hand in hand. With the ongoing global industrialization this problem has been further aggravated. As such, Nepal is no exception. Hundreds of industries are being registered in the country annually which inevitably brings the issues regarding environmental pollution. This study has been conducted with samples of wastewater from 5 different industrial sites in 4 districts of Nepal, namely, Makwanpur, Sunsari, Morang, and Kathmandu, among which two were Waste Water Treatment Plants which treated the combined effluents collected from various sources. The other three sites were from wires and cables industry, paint manufacturing industry, and plastic cutting industry. The physicochemical parameters analysed were pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, and Cu, Cr, SO 4 2− , and PO 4 3− levels. Possible onsite measurements were recorded using portable, handheld devices whereas other parameters were assessed in the laboratory. The observed parameter levels in the collected samples were compared against the available Nepal national standards for industrial effluents and in the absence of standards for industrial effluents, with other relevant standard levels. Most of the parameters analysed were within the permissible limits with the exception of pH and Cr levels in some sites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Assessment Of the Physical Parameters Of The Industrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Industrial Effluents in Nepal

Shrestha

Neupane

Bisht

2017

Journal of Chemistry

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“…Calculation of the EC/TDS ratio for the coal seam gas water samples from this study indicate that the average ratio was 1.66 ( Figure 16). However, it was evident that there was considerable scatter in the data, which is consistent with studies by Ali et al who found that depending on water composition the EC/TDS ratio for reclaimed industrial water ranged from 1.49 to 1.72 [134].…”

Section: Parameters Excluded From Analysis Of Cs Watersupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The literature shows that there is a strong relationship identified between EC and both SAR and TDS [77,78,[132][133][134]. EC is a measure of salinity and is specifically related to the ability of water to pass an electrical current [77].…”

Section: Parameters Excluded From Analysis Of Cs Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal Seam Gas Water Quality and Impacts on Downstream Treatment Technologies

Rebello¹

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The coal seam gas (CSG) industry in Australia is of significant importance economically, especially in Queensland where a substantial increase in the amount of gas extracted over the past six years has occurred. CSG formation, relation to local geological features, extraction approach and the potential impact/benefits of coal seam (CS) water has been considered by reviewing the location of CSG wells in relation to each other, the depth of the well in relation to the coal seam with which the CSG is associated, and the quality of the CS water compared with the requirements for each beneficial use application. An outline of the limited current legislative requirements on physical and chemical properties of CS water as regulated by the Queensland Government is provided, as well as the current treatment technologies used by the major CSG companies to ensure compliance with these requirements. Water quality from 150 CSG production wells from the Surat Basin, Queensland has been analysed and compared within and between multiple gas fields in a small geographic area prior to any storage, disposal and treatment. Chemical analysis revealed the CS water to have high bicarbonate, high sodium, and low calcium, low magnesium and very low sulfate concentrations. The chemical analysis also confirmed that the pre-treatment concentration levels of specific parameters such as sodium, chloride, total dissolved solids, and sodium adsorption ratio were above that required for use by agricultural and industrial sectors, therefore requiring treatment prior to use. This study has shown that the amount of each type of mineral that comprises coal, such as clay, sulfide ores, oxide ores, quartz and phosphates, may explain the water quality patterns by assessing the mineral content of the associated CS water in relation to the chemical composition of Surat Basin coal

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“…Some of the characterised pollutants found in urban domestic wastewaters include pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, penicillin and caffeine which have been detected in hospital wastewater at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 35 g/l (Brown 2004); personal care products such as sunscreen agents and musk fragrances (Hany and Nagel 1995;Carlsson et al 2000); pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, helminths and protozoa Naidoo and Olaniran 2014); suspended and dissolved solids (Ali et al 2012); and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon (Tjandraatmadja et al 2010;Abdel-Raouf et al 2012). Industrial effluents are proven sources of both organic and inorganic contaminants such as brominated flame retardants (Alaee et al 2002;Schultz et al 2003) and fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) which are widely used in the manufacture of plastics, leather, electronics and textiles and are thought to have endocrine-disrupting effects (Austin et al 2003) and potentially toxic elements, mainly heavy metals (Thornton et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban effluent discharges as causes of public and environmental health concerns in South Africa’s aquatic milieu

Sibanda

Selvarajan

Tekere

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The water quality in South Africa's river systems is rapidly deteriorating as a consequence of increased discharge of wastewater effluents. The natural ability of rivers and reservoirs to trap toxic chemicals and nutrients in their sediments enables these systems to accumulate contaminants, altering the natural balance in environmental water quality, thereby raising a plethora of public and environmental health concerns. Impaired water quality has been linked to an array of problems in South Africa including massive fish mortalities, altered habitat template leading to the thinning of riverine macroinvertebrate diversity, shifts in microbial community structures with drastic ecological consequences and evolvement of antibiotic resistance genes that, under natural conditions, can be transferred to waterborne pathogens. Urban wastewater discharge has also been implicated in increased bioaccumulation of metals in edible plant parts, elevated concentrations of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), which are blamed for reduced fertility and increased cancer risk, excessive growth of toxic cyanobacteria and an increase in concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms which constitute a potential health threat to humans. However, despite the ecotoxicological hazards posed by wastewater effluents, ecotoxicological studies are currently underutilised in South African aquatic ecosystem assessments, and where they have been done, the observation is that ecotoxicological studies are mostly experimental and restricted to small study areas. More research is still needed to fully assess especially the ecotoxicological consequences of surface water pollution by urban wastewater effluents in South Africa. A review of the effects of urban effluent discharges that include domestic effluent mixed with industrial effluent and/or urban stormwater runoff is hereby presented.

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A case study on the relationship between conductivity and dissolved solids to evaluate the potential for reuse of reclaimed industrial wastewater

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

An Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Industrial Effluents in Nepal

An Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Industrial Effluents in Nepal

Coal Seam Gas Water Quality and Impacts on Downstream Treatment Technologies

Urban effluent discharges as causes of public and environmental health concerns in South Africa’s aquatic milieu

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