“…With the implementation of the Belt and Road strategy, many infrastructure projects and resource development projects along the zone have been put into construction. The excavation of hydropower slopes, hydropower underground chambers, and deep tunnels exposes a large number of rock mass slabbing failures (Wu et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2012;Qiu et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2018;Qin et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2021;Fujii et al, 2022).…”