A case study of sea breeze blocking regulated by sea surface temperature along the English south coast

Sweeney, J. K.; Chagnon, Jeffrey M.; Gray, Suzanne L.

doi:10.5194/acp-14-4409-2014

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The perturbation was largely confined to a 400 m layer to represent the onshore flow of shallow sea breeze circulation based on observations [Miller et al, 2003;Iwai et al, 2008;Sweeney et al, 2014].…”

Section: 1002/2016jd026247mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between turbulent flow and sea breeze front over urban‐like coast in large‐eddy simulation

et al. 2017

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Turbulent flow and its interaction with a sea breeze front (SBF) over an urban‐like coast with a regular block array were investigated using a building‐resolving computational fluid dynamics model. It was found that during daytime with an offshore ambient flow, streaky turbulent structures tended to grow within the convective boundary layer (CBL) over a warm urban surface ahead of the SBF. The structures were organized as streamwise streaks at an interval of a few hundred meters, which initiated at the rooftop level with strong wind shear and strengthens in the CBL with moderate buoyancy. The streaks then interacted with the onshore‐propagating SBF as it made landfall. The SBF, which was initially characterized as a shallow and quasi‐linear feature over the sea, developed three‐dimensional structures with intensified updrafts at an elevated frontal head after landfall. Frontal updrafts were locally enhanced at intersections where the streaks merged with the SBF, which greatly increased turbulent fluxes at the front. The frontal line was irregular because of merging, tilting, and transformation effects of vorticity associated with streaky structures. Inland penetration of the SBF was slowed by the frictional effect of urban‐like surfaces and turbulent flow on land. The overall SBF intensity weakened after the interaction with turbulent flow. These findings aid understanding of local weather over coastal cities during typical sea breeze conditions.

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Section: 1002/2016jd026247mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiment shows that the simulation results were insensitive to the width of the transition area. The perturbation was largely confined to a 400 m layer to represent the onshore flow of shallow sea breeze circulation based on observations [ Miller et al ., ; Iwai et al ., ; Sweeney et al ., ].…”

Section: Configuration Of Numerical Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between turbulent flow and sea breeze front over urban‐like coast in large‐eddy simulation

et al. 2017

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“…A diagnostic study over the same region during late spring or early summer might be expected to exhibit stronger solenoidal forcing of sea-breeze circulations. Some preliminary modeling investigations of the role of water temperatures for lake breezes were reported by Arritt [41] and for sea breezes by Kawai et al [42] and Sweeney et al [43]. It is suggested that additional microscale diagnostic investigations of sea-breeze thermodynamic structure using mobile observing platforms should be pursued for a variety of geographic and synoptic conditions, in particular with regard to static stability, available moisture supply, land surface character, and topography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Thermodynamic Gradients Associated with Gulf of Mexico Sea-Breeze Fronts

White

Koziara

2018

Advances in Meteorology

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High spatial/temporal resolution mobile transects were used to examine the thermal and moisture structure of the sea-breeze front (SBF) along the Mississippi coast during August 2014 and 2015. Compared to most similar studies, conditions were much warmer and more humid. Results show a 1-2 g/kg increase in mixing ratio across the mature SBF zone, and up to a 2.5°C temperature decrease. When SBF radar fine lines are identifiable, their position agrees very well with surface thermodynamic changes. Although temperatures were cooler at the coast, microscale offsets in location of thermal, moisture, and radiative features are noted in the vicinity of the SBF, particularly when the sea-breeze system is relatively weak or immature. At times, it seems that strong solar insolation causes the temperature to rise temporarily within the transition zone behind the kinematic SBF. These results are at variance with most other diagnostic studies. Some thermodynamic variations are noted within the marine air mass in connection to minor water bodies such as Biloxi Bay. The potential for passage of the SBF to at least temporarily increase human heat stress as described by heat index is also noted.

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“…Before discussing the impact of atmosphere–ocean coupling on results, it is instructive to consider the sensitivity of fog development to the persisted SST used in atmosphere‐only mode for this case. Following the methodology adopted in a number of previous studies (for example, Sweeney et al , ; Bari et al , ), the persisted SST in the FIX_H configuration is incremented everywhere by a constant value of −2 K, −1 K, +1 K, or +2 K (Table ). The modified SST initial condition remains constant throughout each simulation.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Sea‐fog Evolution To Persisted Sstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A diverse range of large-scale atmospheric processes can be impacted, including storm-track location (Brayshaw et al, 2011;Woollings et al, 2012), frontal propagation (Parfitt et al, 2016;Passalacqua et al, 2016) and precipitation (Minobe et al, 2008), the evolution of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (Seo et al, 2014;DeMott et al, 2015;Stan et al, 2018), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO: for example, Ham et al, 2010;Masson et al, 2012), and Indian (for example, Terray et al, 2012) and Australian monsoon systems (Wang and Zang, 2017). The variation of SST has also been shown to impact more local-scale processes, including the development of boundary-layer cloud (for example, Fallmann et al, 2017), urban heat islands (Oda and Kanda, 2009), and sea-breeze circulations (for example, Sweeney et al, 2014;Lombardo et al, 2016). This article focuses on the impact of SST variability on the development of coastal and sea fog, using a high-resolution atmosphere-ocean-wave regional coupled prediction system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of high‐resolution ocean–atmosphere coupling on fog formation over the North Sea

Fallmann

Lewis

Sanchez

et al. 2019

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Sea‐surface temperature (SST) is a key driver for various interactions and feedbacks between components of the Earth System and can control local weather and climate. The formation of marine fog, for example, can be sensitive to small changes in SST at a scale of a few kilometres. As a contribution to understanding processes at the interface between air and sea, this article discusses results from a state‐of‐the‐art fully coupled regional atmosphere–land–ocean–wave prediction system for the UK at km scale. This study focuses on the impact of the changes in surface forcing resulting from coupling SST in the marine boundary layer and formation of summertime coastal fog over the North Sea. A study from July 2013 provided a good case to evaluate the role of SST in fog evolution. The benefit of an evolving SST in the coupled simulation is shown in capturing a warming trend in observed SST over the five‐day case study period, with a root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) against in situ observations of 1.1 K. In contrast, in uncoupled atmosphere‐only simulations, the initial‐condition SST is persisted for the duration of the case, as is more typical in current operational numerical weather prediction (NWP). In the uncoupled simulations, a cold bias develops over the modelling period and the RMSE against observed SST is 2.4 K. The impact of coupling is shown to propagate into the overlying marine boundary layer and therefore affect the formation of coastal fog. Increased heat flux from a relatively warmer sea surface in the coupled simulations led to near‐surface atmospheric instability, hampering stratus lowering and destroying the fog‐promoting inversion layer. This significantly reduced fog fractions in selected regions. The value of model coupling was assessed by comparing coupled and uncoupled simulations initialized at different times ahead of fog development.

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A case study of sea breeze blocking regulated by sea surface temperature along the English south coast

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Interaction between turbulent flow and sea breeze front over urban‐like coast in large‐eddy simulation

Interaction between turbulent flow and sea breeze front over urban‐like coast in large‐eddy simulation

Surface Thermodynamic Gradients Associated with Gulf of Mexico Sea-Breeze Fronts

Impact of high‐resolution ocean–atmosphere coupling on fog formation over the North Sea

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