A case study of fouling development and flux reversibility of treating actual lake water by forward osmosis process

Forward osmosis as a pre-treatment for treating coal seam gas associated water: Flux and fouling behaviour

“…The results were averaged and are summarised in Table 3. The ATP concentrations in this study were much lower compared to those in our previous study (2098.9 ng-ATP/cm 2 and 6.9 × 10 10 cells/cm 2 ) where a bench-scale FO system was operated for 24 h in almost identical experimental conditions to treat brackish surface water spiked with nutrients [12]. It is probably due to the high assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in the feed solution with the DOC concentration of 166 mg/L in the previous study.…”

“…The main composition of the feed solution is summarised in Table 1. 2.3. Bench-scale forward osmosis system A FO membrane system was used to perform FO fouling and cleaning experiments as described in our previous study with a minor modification [12]. The draw and feed solutions flowed co-currently at flow rates of 500 ml/min in each channel on both sides of the membrane, using peristaltic pumps (Cole-Parmer, Australia) and flow meters (Cole-Parmer, Australia).…”

“…Biological activity by means of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis was undertaken as described in our previous study [12]. ATPs of membrane foulants and draw solutions were measured using a Celsis Advance Coupe luminometer (Celsis, IL, USA).…”

The performance of forward osmosis process in treating the surfactant wastewater: The rejection of surfactant, water flux and physical cleaning effectiveness

“…FO has many advantages in low energy consumption, strong endurance to high concentration, low fouling potential and high recovery [11][12][13]. Recently, the related researchers throughout the world have applied FO technology to many fields, such as seawater desalination, wastewater reclamation, industrial wastewater treatment and power generation [14][15][16][17]. For instance, X. Jin et al [18] investigated the rejection of pharmaceuticals by FO membranes and found that thin film composite (TFC) polyamide based FO membranes exhibited excellent performance with high water flux and great rejection of pharmaceutical (>94%).…”

Water desalination by forward (direct) osmosis phenomenon: A comprehensive review

“…This fouling reversibility is one of the main attractions for further investigation into FO desalination given the fact that fouling is completely irreversible in RO [175]. Very recently, Chun et al [183] confirmed the reversibility of fouling in FO by using non-chlorinated actual brackish lake water as feed in order to study fouling of TFC FO desalination membrane. It was reported that the water flux dropped by 65% during the first 24 h of the experiment time.…”