A case report of longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis: immunotherapy related adverse effect
            <i>vs.</i>
            COVID-19 related immunization complications

Esechie, Aimalohi; Fang, Xiang; Banerjee, Pankhuri; Rai, Prashant; Thottempudi, Neeharika

doi:10.1080/00207454.2022.2050907

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, Dams et al [ 52 ] reported a case of MOG-antibody-associated longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LTEM) following the ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) vaccine. Similar findings were reported by Sepahvand et al [ 53 ], Miyaue et al [ 54 ], Esechie et al [ 55 ], and Erdem et al [ 56 ] in patients who received the BIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), Pfizer-BioNTech, mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccines, respectively. These cases suggest that various COVID-19 vaccines may be associated with the development of myelitis or TM, warranting further investigation to better understand the underlying mechanisms and potential risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Post-COVID-19 Vaccination CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: A Systematic Review

Ghaderi

Mohammadi

Heidari

et al. 2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Objective. This systematic review aims to synthesize and analyze the available literature on central nervous system (CNS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in individuals who have received COVID-19 vaccinations. Our objective is to enhance understanding of potential neurological side effects, inform clinical practice, and guide future research on the neurological implications of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods. In this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2020 to April 2023, using terms related to COVID-19 vaccination and CNS MRI findings. We evaluated the quality of the study, extracted relevant data, and included 89 eligible studies that covered various vaccines, demographics of patients, symptoms, and MRI findings to provide a thorough understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-related CNS problems. Results. We investigated CNS MRI findings following COVID-19 vaccination across various vaccine types. Common diseases associated with post-vaccination CNS MRI findings included cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute myelitis, autoimmune encephalitis (AE), and others. Patients presented with diverse onset symptoms and neurological manifestations. Abnormalities identified in CNS MRI findings included white matter (WM) hyperintensity. Our analysis offers a comprehensive overview of the current literature on post-vaccination CNS MRI findings. Discussion. We highlight a range of post-COVID-19 vaccination CNS MRI findings, including CVST, with a higher incidence in individuals receiving the ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) vaccine. Other notable observations include cases of ADEM, myelitis or transverse myelitis (TM), Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), and acute encephalopathy following COVID-19 vaccination. The incidence of these neurological complications is extremely rare, and the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. The reviewed studies were primarily case reports or case series, and thus large-scale epidemiological studies and controlled clinical trials are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and risk factors associated with these neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Post-COVID-19 Vaccination CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: A Systematic Review

Ghaderi

Mohammadi

Heidari

et al. 2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…The PRISMA flowchart ( Figure 1 ) showed a search strategy for our review. The present study consisted of 28 studies, including 26 case reports, one case series, and one cross-sectional, and the pooled data of 31 patients with COVID-19 vaccine-associated ATM is extracted ( Sriwastava et al, 2021 , Sepahvand et al, 2022 , Tan et al, 2021 , Corrêa et al, 2021 , Vegezzi et al, 2021 , Hsiao et al, 2021 , Pagenkopf and Südmeyer, 2021 , Notghi et al, 2021 , Gao et al, 2021 , Malhotra et al, 2021 , Khan et al, 2022 , Erdem et al, 2021 , Hirose et al, 2021 , Tahir et al, 2021 , Miyaue et al, 2021 , Fujikawa et al, 2021 , Kaulen et al, 2022 , McLean and Trefts, 2021 , Alabkal et al, 2021 , Fitzsimmons and Nance, 2021 , Nakano et al, 2022 , Spataro et al, 2022 , Cabral et al, 2022 , Khan et al, 2022 , Maroufi et al, 2022 , Eom et al, 2022 , Netravathi et al, 2022 , Esechie et al, 2022 ). All of the selected studies were written in the English language.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics, radiological features and prognostic factors of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review

Ostovan¹,

Sahraian²,

Karazhian³

et al. 2022

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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“…However, vaccine administration to patients on combined CPI therapy (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4) causes some concern due to the possible risk of immune-related adverse events [ 109 ]. It was suggested that myelitis may occur due to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) running an inflammatory response leading to cytokine storm [ 110 ]. One example is atezolizumab, a monoclonal antibody which binds to tumor cells expressing PD-L1; this inhibits binding with T-cell expressed PD-1 and B7.1 receptors, allowing activation and proliferation of T-cells and enhanced function and memory cell formation to fight the tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccine -induced causes of inflammation are less known, with active antigens in the vaccine or other constituents such as adjuvants causing inflammation. Some could also have an autoimmune reaction in the presence or absence of molecular mimicry [ 110 ]. Au et al, suggested that immune checkpoint therapy blocks PD-1, allowing for T-cell proliferation, causing patients to have an increased baseline of activated T-cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Patients and the COVID-19 Vaccines: Considerations and Challenges

Almasri

Bshesh

Khan

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Few guidelines exist for COVID-19 vaccination amongst cancer patients, fostering uncertainty regarding the immunogenicity, safety, and effects of cancer therapies on vaccination, which this review aims to address. A literature review was conducted to include the latest articles covering the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid and hematologic cancers receiving various treatments. Lower seropositivity following vaccination was associated with malignancy (compared to the general population), and hematologic malignancy (compared to solid cancers). Patients receiving active cancer therapy (unspecified), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunosuppressants generally demonstrated lower seropositivity compared to healthy controls; though checkpoint inhibition, endocrine therapy, and cyclin dependent kinase inhibition did not appear to affect seropositivity. Vaccination appeared safe and well-tolerated in patients with current or past cancer and those undergoing treatment. Adverse events were comparable to the general population, but inflammatory lymphadenopathy following vaccination was commonly reported and may be mistaken for malignant etiology. Additionally, radiation recall phenomenon was sporadically reported in patients who had received radiotherapy. Overall, while seropositivity rates were decreased, cancer patients showed capacity to generate safe and effective immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination, thus vaccination should be encouraged and hesitancy should be addressed in this population.

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A case report of longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis: immunotherapy related adverse effect vs. COVID-19 related immunization complications

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Post-COVID-19 Vaccination CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: A Systematic Review

Post-COVID-19 Vaccination CNS Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: A Systematic Review

Clinical characteristics, radiological features and prognostic factors of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review

Cancer Patients and the COVID-19 Vaccines: Considerations and Challenges

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