A Case of Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder Associated with Anomalous Union of the Pancreaticobiliary Duct

Yoon, Kyoung Won; Park, Chang Hwan; Lee, Wan Sik; Joο, Young Eun; Kim, Hyeun Soo; Choi, Sung Kyu; Rew, Jong Sun; Lee, Jae Hyug

doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.3.231

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A few case reports have been published on the different histologic types of GB-NEN, including neuroendocrine carcinoma, LCNEC, SCC, MANEC, carcinoid tumors, and atypical carcinoid tumors (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). A previous study of GB-NEN cases from the SEER database between 2000 and 2005 reported that among 105 GB-NEN cases, 1% were LCNEC, 30.5% were SCC, 32.4% were carcinoid tumors, 34.3% were neuroendocrine carcinoma, and 1.9% were MANEC (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological features and survival for gallbladder NEN: a population-based study

Cen

Liu

Wan

et al. 2019

Endocrine Connections

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Purpose Gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasm (GB-NEN) is a relatively rare neoplasm, accounting for 0.5% of all neuroendocrine neoplasm cases and 2.1% of gallbladder cancers. Because of the limited understanding of GB-NEN, the aim of this study was to explore the clinicopathology and survival of GB-NEN patients selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods A total of 248 GB-NEN patients from the SEER database diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were included. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to examine the survival time. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals to analyze the impact of factors on overall survival and cancer-specific survival. Results The majority of the GB-NEN patients were women (67.3%), white (77%), and married (61.7%). Most tumors were <2 cm in size (31.0%), G3 stage (25.8%), and distant SEER stage (41.1%). 62.9% and 64.5% of cases showed an absence of lymph node metastasis and tumor metastasis, respectively. Patients who received gallbladder surgery had significantly better survival outcomes (P < 0.001). However, patients who received both gallbladder surgery and lymph node resection did not have better survival outcome compared with patients who received only gallbladder surgery. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models indicated that older age, unmarried status, large tumor size (>5 cm), and distant SEER stage were significant independent predictors for decreased overall survival time and cancer-specific survival time (P < 0.05). Conclusion Age, marital status, tumor size, and SEER stage were predictors for the survival of GB-NEN patients. Gallbladder surgery was associated with better survival, but the combination of gallbladder surgery and lymphadenectomy had no effect on survival outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological features and survival for gallbladder NEN: a population-based study

Cen

Liu

Wan

et al. 2019

Endocrine Connections

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“…There have also been cases reported of gallbladder NECs accompanied by pancreaticobiliary maljunction. 5 , 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have also been cases reported of gallbladder NECs accompanied by pancreaticobiliary maljunction. 5,6 Previous studies have suggested that gallbladder NECs, like gallbladder ADCs, are more common in females. 7 At the time of diagnosis, most of them were at advanced stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age‐specific clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder

et al. 2021

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“…This NET component may thus be in the deep mucosa of the gallbladder, and potentially produce a more deeply infiltrating tumor involving the serosa and adjacent liver before or without any surface component. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of a primary NEC of the gallbladder and one arising from metastasis is difficult [ 12 - 14 ]. Our case showed a tumorous lesion involving the gallbladder wall accompanied by atypical hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinoma involving the gallbladder: a retrospective review of 23 cases - pitfalls in diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma

2012

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BackgroundCarcinoma of the gallbladder (GBC) clinically mimics benign gallbladder diseases and often escapes detection until advanced stage. Despite the frequency of cholecystectomy, diagnosis of GBC remains problematic in many situations. We sought to identify pathologic features that contribute to the difficulty in recognition of GBC.MethodsWe identified 23 patients (ranged from 45 to 86 years, male to female ratio 1:4.5) with carcinoma involving the gallbladder referred to an academic medical center over a period of 10 years for study. This includes 10 cases of primary GBC, 6 cases of metastatic tumor to gallbladder, 6 cases of directly invasive adenocarcinoma arising elsewhere in the biliary tree, and one case of unidentified origin adenocarcinoma. Primary tumors include adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) in 6 cases, papillary adenocarcinoma in 2 cases, and single cases of undifferentiated carcinoma and combined adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Metastatic tumors to gallbladder were from a wide range of primary sites, predominantly the gastrointestinal tract.ResultsThese cases illustrate seven potential pitfalls which can be encountered. These include: 1) mistakenly making a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of gallbladder when only benign lesions such as deeply penetrating Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are present (overdiagnosis), 2) misdiagnosing well-differentiated invasive carcinoma with minimal disease as benign disease (underdiagnosis), 3) differentiating between primary NEC of gallbladder and metastasis, 4) confusing primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of gallbladder with pseudomyxoma peritonei from a low grade appendiceal neoplasm disseminated to gallbladder, 5) confusing gangrenous necrosis related to cholecystitis with geographic tumoral necrosis, 6) undersampling early, grossly occult disease, and 7) misinterpreting extracellular mucin pools.ConclusionsClinical history and a high index of suspicion are prerequisite to detecting GBC. Detection of GBC at an early stage is difficult because the symptoms mimic benign gallbladder diseases. Misinterpretation of subtle microscopic abnormalities contributes diagnostic failures in early cases. Careful attention to any evidence of mural thickening, thorough sampling, particularly in older patients, and close examination of any deeply situated glandular structures are critical. Correlations with radiographic and clinical findings are important helps to avoid misdiagnosis in this commonly resected organ.

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A Case of Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder Associated with Anomalous Union of the Pancreaticobiliary Duct

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Clinicopathological features and survival for gallbladder NEN: a population-based study

Clinicopathological features and survival for gallbladder NEN: a population-based study

Age‐specific clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder

Carcinoma involving the gallbladder: a retrospective review of 23 cases - pitfalls in diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma

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