A case of pediatric cervicofacial actinomyces masquerading as malignancy: Case report and review of the literature

Savoca, Emily L.; Mehra, Saral; Waldman, Erik H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.11.001

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cervicofacial, abdominopelvic and pulmonothoracic sites are the most commonly affected locations of actinomycosis, and other clinical manifestations have been described, including in extrafacial bone and joints, the genitourinary tract, the digestive tract, and the central nervous system [ 1 ]. Pediatric actinomycosis is rare, accounting for a minority of all actinomycosis cases, and the most affected areas are cervicofacial and abdominopelvic locations [ 8 , 9 ]. Although actinomycosis presenting as osteomyelitis in the pediatric population has been reported, most of the cases involved the mandible site [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal actinomycosis in children: a case report

et al. 2021

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Background Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease caused by Actinomyces, especially in children. Here, we present a case of musculoskeletal actinomycosis in a 5-year-old girl from China. Case presentation A 5-year-old girl presented with recurrent episodes of fever, pain, erythema, swelling, and festering sores on the right lower extremity, and pus was discharged from a sinus in the right foot. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested subcutaneous soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis of the right crus. A bacterial culture of pus extracted from a festering sore on the right popliteal fossa detected the growth of Actinomycetes europaeus. The patient was cured with 7 weeks of treatment with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam, followed by 6 weeks of treatment with oral amoxicillin-clavulanate with surgical debridement and drainage. There were no symptoms of recurrence during the 15-month period of follow-up. Conclusions Pediatric actinomycosis is a rare and challenging infectious disease. Early accurate diagnosis and optimal surgical debridement are important for the management of pediatric actinomycosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal actinomycosis in children: a case report

et al. 2021

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“…Actinomyces genus corresponds to filamentous, nonspore-forming, Gram-positive bacilli, consisting of mostly facultative anaerobic species, including opportunistic pathogens (e.g., strictly anaerobe Actinomyces israelli, facultative anaerobe A. gerencseriae) most well-known for causing oral, thoracic, and intra-abdominal abscesses on rare occasions [24]. In addition, Actinomyces infection, known as actinomycosis, was previously reported to mimic malignancy symptoms, in particular lymphoma [25,26], whereas Rothia dentocariosa was historically confounded with Actinomyces spp. in selective growth conditions [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiome Signatures in Hematological Cancers Reveal Predominance of Actinomyces and Rothia Species

Mougeot

Beckman

Langdon

et al. 2020

JCM

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The endogenous microbiome of healthy individuals in oral cavities is diverse, representing over 700 bacterial species. Imbalance in oral and gut microbiome composition and associated gene expression has been linked to different forms of hematological (blood) cancers. Our objective is to compare oral microbiome profiles of patients with blood cancers (BC group: N = 39 patients, n = 124 oral samples) to those of healthy control subjects (HC group: N = 27 subjects, n = 100 oral samples). Saliva samples and swabs of buccal mucosa, supragingival plaque, and tongue were collected from blood cancer patients and healthy controls. Next-generation sequencing (16S-rRNA gene V3–V4 region) was used to determine the relative abundance of bacterial taxa present at the genus and species levels. Differences in oral microbiome beta-diversity were determined using multivariate permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to identify differentiating bacterial taxa in pairwise comparisons. The PATRICv3.6.7 online tool was used to determine the predominance of potential pathogenicity in the BC group. The oral microbiome beta-diversities of the BC and HC groups differed and corresponded to a reduced alpha-diversity in the BC group. LEfSe analysis showed significant LDA scores for Actinomyces and Rothia spp., differentiating the BC group from the HC group. In silico analysis using PATRICv3.6.7 demonstrated that the groups of bacteria possessing traits of “antibiotic resistance”, “oral pathogen”, and “virulence” was enriched in the BC group. Although 56% of the BC patients received antibiotics within two weeks of the oral bacterial sampling, Actinomyces genus remained the top differentiating feature in the BC group regardless of the administration of antibiotics, while Rothia dentocariosa was detected as the top differentiating feature in the BC patients who did not receive antibiotics, but not in those who received antibiotics. Further investigation is needed to better understand the interactions of certain oral species with the host immune system to better characterize clinically relevant associations with hematological cancers.

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“…Its presentation is a suppurative infection with sinus tracts draining sulfur granules, mostly after dental manipulation. Pathogenesis involves mucosal injury and direct tissue invasion [2]. The organisms usually spread by direct extension but hematogenous and lymphatic dissemination may occur as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pediatric actinomycosis is rare, accounting for less than 3% of all actinomycosis cases. In children, cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common clinical presentation with 20% of pediatric cases occurring in the abdomen [2][3]. We describe a five-year-old female child with thoracic and renal actinomycosis who required both medical and surgical management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic and Renal Actinomycosis Requiring Complete Right Nephrectomy in a Costa Rican Female Child

Segura-Perez

Ulloa‐Gutiérrez

Ávila-Agüero

2020

Cureus

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Actinomycosis is a relatively uncommon bacterial disease of childhood, especially when presenting as deep-seated infections. Only 10% of affected patients are younger than 18 years of age. In children, cervical actinomycosis is the most common form of clinical presentation, and among the abdominopelvic form, renal abscesses are rare. We describe an uncommon and severe case of a five-year-old Costa Rican girl with thoracic and renal actinomycosis who required a complete nephrectomy.

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A case of pediatric cervicofacial actinomyces masquerading as malignancy: Case report and review of the literature

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Musculoskeletal actinomycosis in children: a case report

Musculoskeletal actinomycosis in children: a case report

Oral Microbiome Signatures in Hematological Cancers Reveal Predominance of Actinomyces and Rothia Species

Thoracic and Renal Actinomycosis Requiring Complete Right Nephrectomy in a Costa Rican Female Child

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