A Case of Mixed Infections in a Patient Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness in the Tropics

Yong, Lit Sin; Koh, Katsuyoshi

doi:10.1155/2013/562175

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although concurrent infection is uncommon, it has subsequently been mentioned with increasing frequency in literature. There were isolated case reports in India [7, 20–24], East Timor [12], Japan [17], Bangladesh [13], Indonesia [14], Malaysia [16], and Cambodia [15]. Following that, a series of cases were reported in French Guiana [25, 26], Brazil [11, 27], India [28–30], Bangladesh [31], Pakistan [10], Peru [32], and Kenya [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first reported case of dengue-malaria co-infection in France in 2005 [6], more cases have been reported in India [7, 8], Pakistan [9, 10], Brazil [11], East Timor [12], Bangladesh [13], Indonesia [14], Cambodia [15], Malaysia [16], and Japan [17]. Among these reported cases, only Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dangers of accepting a single diagnosis: case report of concurrent Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue infection

Chong

Zaini

Suraiya

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundDengue and malaria are two common, mosquito-borne infections, which may lead to mortality if not managed properly. Concurrent infections of dengue and malaria are rare due to the different habitats of its vectors and activities of different carrier mosquitoes. The first case reported was in 2005. Since then, several concurrent infections have been reported between the dengue virus (DENV) and the malaria protozoans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Symptoms of each infection may be masked by a simultaneous second infection, resulting in late treatment and severe complications. Plasmodium knowlesi is also a common cause of malaria in Malaysia with one of the highest rates of mortality. This report is one of the earliest in literature of concomitant infection between DENV and P. knowlesi in which a delay in diagnosis had placed a patient in a life-threatening situation.Case presentationA 59-year old man staying near the Belum-Temengor rainforest at the Malaysia–Thailand border was admitted with fever for 6 days, with respiratory distress. His non-structural protein 1 antigen and Anti-DENV Immunoglobulin M tests were positive. He was treated for severe dengue with compensated shock. Treating the dengue had so distracted the clinicians that a blood film for the malaria parasite was not done. Despite aggressive supportive treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient had unresolved acidosis as well as multi-organ failure involving respiratory, renal, liver, and haematological systems. It was due to the presentation of shivering in the ICU, that a blood film was done on the second day that revealed the presence of P. knowlesi with a parasite count of 520,000/μL. The patient was subsequently treated with artesunate-doxycycline and made a good recovery after nine days in ICU.ConclusionsThis case contributes to the body of literature on co-infection between DENV and P. knowlesi and highlights the clinical consequences, which can be severe. Awareness should be raised among health-care workers on the possibility of dengue-malaria co-infection in this region. Further research is required to determine the real incidence and risk of co-infection in order to improve the management of acute febrile illness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dangers of accepting a single diagnosis: case report of concurrent Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue infection

Chong

Zaini

Suraiya

et al. 2017

Malar J

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“…Furthermore, Leptospira spp./ DENV co-infections have been reported from Mexico, 16 Barbados, 17 India, [18][19][20][21][22] Pakistan, 23 and Jamaica, 24 although it is unclear if co-infection is more likely to result in death. Here, we report four fatal cases of Leptospira spp./DENV co-infection in Puerto Rico, of which one (Case 1) was previously described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Series of Fatal Leptospira spp./Dengue Virus Co-Infections—Puerto Rico, 2010–2012

Rodríguez¹,

Galloway²,

Blau³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Co-infection with pathogens that cause acute febrile illness creates a diagnostic challenge as a result of overlapping clinical manifestations. Here, we describe four fatal cases of Leptospira species/dengue virus co-infection in Puerto Rico. Although all patients sought care early, antibiotic administration was delayed for most. Steroids were administered to all patients, in most cases before antibiotics. These cases show the need for clinicians evaluating patients in or recently returned from the tropics with acute febrile illness to consider both dengue and leptospirosis. Furthermore, they illustrate the need for nucleic acid-or antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests to enable timely patient diagnosis and management. In particular, antibiotic therapy should be initiated early for patients with suspected leptospirosis, and steroids should not be administered to patients with suspected dengue.

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“…In a study involving 194 patients with dengue in Thailand, no co-infection with malaria was detected whereas another study involving 1723 consecutive febrile patients in French (2016) showed that in the past decades, there were 36 reported incidences of dengue-malaria co-infection in Asia, of which majority (26 cases) were from India. In Malaysia, there is only one case report of patient co-infected with malaria, dengue and leptospirosis [50]. No study has been published to investigate the lower rate of dengue malaria co-infection in Asia thus far.…”

Section: Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Emergence of Malaria in Malaysia: A Review Article

Yong¹,

Parasakthi²,

Kadirvelu³

et al. 2018

OALib

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Malaria is a global health problem, affecting millions of people annually. According to the World Malaria Report 2015, there were 214 million new cases of malaria globally (range 149 -303 million) with an estimated mortality of 438,000 (range 236,000 -635,000). The vast majority of the cases occur in the WHO African Region (88%), with the rest being in the WHO South East Asian Region (10%) and the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (2%). Malaysia is experiencing sporadic outbreaks of malaria due to influx of foreign workers from neighboring countries and failure to take antimalarial prophylaxis amongst travellers. The aim of the review is to increase the awareness among the healthcare professionals on the increasing prevalence of malaria especially among migrant workers. Currently our health screening program for migrant workers does not include screening for malaria.

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A Case of Mixed Infections in a Patient Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness in the Tropics

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

The dangers of accepting a single diagnosis: case report of concurrent Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue infection

The dangers of accepting a single diagnosis: case report of concurrent Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue infection

Case Series of Fatal Leptospira spp./Dengue Virus Co-Infections—Puerto Rico, 2010–2012

Re-Emergence of Malaria in Malaysia: A Review Article

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