A case of fatal trichlorfon and methidathion poisoning

Arao, Tomonori; Fuke, Chiaki; Takaesu, Hajime; Morinaga, Yasumasa; Miyazaki, Tetsuji

doi:10.1016/s1344-6223(02)00014-7

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The concentrations in body fluids and organ tissues were also useful for forensic toxicology. Previous report 1, [4]; Previous report 2, [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High concentration of methidathion detected in a fatal case of organophosphate-poisoning

Takayasu¹,

Ishida²,

Nosaka³

et al. 2012

Legal Medicine

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“…The concentrations in body fluids and organ tissues were also useful for forensic toxicology. Previous report 1, [4]; Previous report 2, [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one case, however, involved methidathion concentrations of organ tissues [4]. A fatality involving trichlorfon and methidathion was reported by Arao et al [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High concentration of methidathion detected in a fatal case of organophosphate-poisoning

Takayasu¹,

Ishida²,

Nosaka³

et al. 2012

Legal Medicine

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“…A 50 year old male fatality was found to have levels of 409, 281, 430, 385, 256, 449, 856 460, 390, 524, 152, 207, and 20,000 mg/mL trichlorfon in his heart blood, femoral vein blood, cerebrum, brain stem, right apex of lung, left basal of lung, liver, right kidney, left kidney, spleen, thigh muscle, urine, and gastric contents, respectively (577). A 76 year old male, who had attempted suicide by ingesting about 50 mL trichlorfon, died approximately 8 h later.…”

Section: Clinical Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Storm¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Most organophosphorus compounds today fall into two general groups: the so‐called nerve agents, that are very acutely toxic and organophosphorus pesticides that are less toxic. Nerve agents were generally the first toxic organophosphorus developed, and were the original basis for organophosphorus pesticides. Interest about nerve agents has increased lately given concerns about their potential use in terrorist acts. Organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides are a highly diverse group of chemicals. They are all characterized by their ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that deactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). At present, the widest use of organophosphorus compounds is as pesticides, although they have also been used as therapeutic agents, gasoline additives, hydraulic fluids, cotton defoliants, fire retardants, plastic components, growth regulators, and industrial intermediates to a much smaller extent. Compounds in this class are numerous and have been categorized in many ways according to the nature of the substituents. Gallo and Lawryk (1991) [2], for example, categorized them into four main groups I–IV based on the characteristics of the leaving group (X). Group I compounds, phosphorylcholines, have a leaving group that contains a quaternary nitrogen and are among the most potent organophosphates (e.g., Shradan). Group II compounds, fluorophosphates, have a fluoride leaving group and are also generally highly toxic (e.g., diisopropyl fluorophosphate). Group III compounds have leaving groups that contain cyanide or a halogen other than fluoride and are generally less potent than group I or II (e.g., Parathion). Group IV contains most of the organophosphates used as insecticides today. These compounds have alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, or heterocyclic leaving groups and a wide variety of other substituents. Another classification scheme is based on the nature of the atoms that immediately surround the central phosphorus atom and results in 14 different categories. According to this scheme, phosphates are the prototype for the entire class and are those compounds where all four atoms that surround the phosphorus atom are oxygen (e.g., dichlorvos, mevinphos). Sulfur‐containing organophosphate compounds (phosphorothioates, phosphorothiolates, phosphorodithioates, and phosphorodithiolates) are far more numerous than phosphates and include well‐recognized organophosphate insecticides such as parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, etc. Other groups contain nitrogen (phosphoramides and phosphorodiamides), nitrogen and sulfur (phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidothiolates), carbon (phosphonates and phosphinates), or carbon and sulfur (phosphonothionates, phosphonothionothiolates, and phosphinothionates). All aspects of organophosphate chemistry, toxicity, analysis, and exposure potential have been previously and comprehensively reviewed. In addition, information regarding the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides in particular has expanded greatly in recent years as a result of toxicity data supplied by registrants to the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticides to support reregistration. These data have been made publicly available by the U.S. EPA on its Internet Web site ( www.epa.gov/pesticides ). The following discussion draws heavily from recent reviews and also includes summaries of relevant toxicity data submitted to, and made available by, the U.S. EPA.

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“…Recently, the use of GC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has been considered a suitable approach to improve selectivity and sensitivity (Grimalt et al ., 2006) ; it is thermally labile and decomposes when analyzed by GC using a heated injector (Ngoh and Cullison, 1996) . Analysis of trichlorfon residues has been reported using gas chromatography coupled with FID (Talebpour et al ., 2006) ; FPD (Iwata et al ., 1979 ; Sheets et al ., 1982 ; Maitlen and Halfhill, 1985) ; NPD (Schultz et al ., 1971 ; Ngoh and Cullison, 1996) and mass spectrometry (Aroa et al ., 2002 ; Brito et al ., 2002 ; Talebpour et al ., 2006) , and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Arao et al ., 2002 ; Talebpour et al ., 2006 ; Zhu et al ., 2008) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Trichlorfon Pesticide Residues in Milk via Gas Chromatography with μ-Electron Capture Detection and GC-MS

Hem¹,

Khay²,

Choi³

et al. 2010

Toxicological Research

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The pesticide trichlorfon is readily degraded under experimental conditions to dichlorvos. A method has therefore been developed by which residues of trichlorfon in milk are determined as dichlorvos, using gas chromatography with μ-electron capture detection. The identification of dichlorvos was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Milk was extracted with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation, freezing lipid filtration, and partitioning into dichloromethane. The residue after partitioning of dichloromethane was dissolved in ethyl acetate for gas chromatography. Recovery concentration was determined at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 of times the maximum permitted residue limits (MRLs) for trichlorfon in milk. The average recoveries (n = 6) ranged from 92.4 to 103.6%. The repeatability of the measurements was expressed as relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 3.6%, to 6.7%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 3.7 and 11.1 μg/l, respectively. The accuracy and precision (expressed as RSD) were estimated at concentrations from 25 to 250 μg/l. The intra- and inter-day accuracy (n = 6) ranged from 89.2%to 91% and 91.3% to 96.3%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 8%. The developed method was applied to determine trichlorfon in real samples collected from the seven major cities in the Republic of Korea. No residual trichlorfon was detected in any samples.

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A case of fatal trichlorfon and methidathion poisoning

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

High concentration of methidathion detected in a fatal case of organophosphate-poisoning

High concentration of methidathion detected in a fatal case of organophosphate-poisoning

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Determination of Trichlorfon Pesticide Residues in Milk via Gas Chromatography with μ-Electron Capture Detection and GC-MS

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