High concentration of methidathion detected in a fatal case of organophosphate-poisoning

Takayasu, Tatsunori; Ishida, Yuko; Nosaka, Mizuho; Kawaguchi, Mariko; Kuninaka, Yumi; Kimura, Akihiko; Kondo, Toshikazu

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2012.04.007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The importance of solvents to human poisoning is not yet clear. Xylene and petroleum distillates have been detected in the urine of OP-poisoned patients (52) and at high concentrations postmortem (53)(54)(55), and such solvents can produce neurotoxicity (56). However, most importantly, there have been at least three reports (57-59) of self-poisoning with OP or carbamate insecticides formulated with methanol.…”

Section: Solvent and Ethanol Coingestantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning

Eddleston

2019

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.

100

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Organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning is a major global health problem, killing over 100,000 people annually. It is a complex multi-organ condition, involving the inhibition of cholinesterases, and perhaps other enzymes, and the effects of large doses of ingested solvents. Variability between organophosphorus insecticides-in lipophilicity, speed of activation, speed and potency of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and in the chemical groups attached to the phosphorus-results in variable speed of poisoning onset, severity, clinical toxidrome, and case fatality. Current treatment is modestly effective, aiming only to reactivate acetylcholinesterase and counter the effects of excess acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Rapid titration of atropine during resuscitation is lifesaving and can be performed in the absence of oxygen. The role of oximes in therapy remains unclear. Novel antidotes have been tested in small trials, but the great variability in poisoning makes interpretation of such trials difficult. More effort is required to test treatments in adequately powered studies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology Volume 59 is January 6, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Solvent and Ethanol Coingestantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning

Eddleston

2019

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.

100

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“…Resolution of renal functions with CVVH [11] Autopsy report of a 80-year-old male found dead at home…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the target organs of oxidative stress following poisoning is kidney [9,10]. High concentrations of OPs may be detected in kidney [11][12][13]. Also in some reports, it was stated that, after ingestion of OPs, higher concentration of the poison in kidney when compared to gastric content and blood was determined [14,15].…”

Section: Organophosphatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Organophosphate Poisoning with Kidney Injury: A Mini Review

Erenler

Eser

Sarıaydın

et al. 2018

J. Nephrol. Urol. Res.

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Poisoning by Organophosphates is a public health problem particularly in developing countries. Although they are commonly used in agriculture as pesticides, unfortunately, their use as weapons in chemical warfare is not rare. Due to lack of control, they are usually available in stores. Individuals may be effected by these compounds either by accidents or suicidal attempts. Poisoning may ocur following peroral, inhalational or dermal intake. Due to structure of the compound (highly soluble), exposure by each route causes high morbidity and mortality. Organophosphates inhibit both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase. Inhibition of AChE results in accumulation of acetylcholine. This mechanism is the main reason for toxic effects. Toxic effects may present as muscarinic, nicotinic and central nervous system (CNS). Progression of the poisoning may be seen in three stages: cholinergic phase, intermediate syndrome and delayed neuropathy. Although cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, ocular, musculoskeletal and CNS manfestations of the poisoning are well-described in the literature, its effects on renal system remains as a neglected field due to its scarcity. In this mini-review, our aim was to determine hazardous effects of OP poisoning on renal system and emphasize the importance of monitorization and early intervention.

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“…Biological monitoring of acute or chronic pesticide poisoning is useful for identifying evidence of health problems in the environment/ecotoxicology, agricultural and forensic fields, or for detoxification in a medical institution. Human biological samples such as urine [5,6,7,8,9], blood [10,11,12], hair [13,14], and saliva [15] have been the primary sources for determination of pesticides. Among them, urine has several advantages over other samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Scaled-Down QuEChERS Approach for Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticide Multiresidues in Human Urine

et al. 2019

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Multiresidual pesticide determination in a biological sample is essential for an immediate decision and response related to various pesticide intoxications. A rapid and simultaneous analytical method for 260 pesticides in human urine was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). High speed positive/negative switching electrospray ionization (ESI) mode was used, and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was optimized. Three versions of scaled-down QuEChERS procedures were evaluated, and the procedure using non-buffer reagents (magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride) and excluding cleanup steps was selected for optimum pesticide extraction. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) in this methodology was 10 ng/mL for each target pesticide, and correlation coefficient (r2) values of calibration curves were ≥0.988 (linearity range; 10–250 ng/mL). In accuracy and precision tests, the relative error ranges were −18.4% to 19.5%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) 2.1%–19.9% at an LOQ level (10 ng/mL), and −14.7% to 14.9% (RSD; 0.6%–14.9%) at higher concentrations (50, 150, and 250 ng/mL). Recovery range was 54.2%–113.9% (RSD; 0.3%–20.0%), and the soft matrix effect (range; −20% to 20%) was observed in 75.4% of target pesticides. The established bioanalytical methods are sufficient for application to biomonitoring in agricultural exposures and applicable in the forensic and clinic.

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High concentration of methidathion detected in a fatal case of organophosphate-poisoning

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning

Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning

Association of Organophosphate Poisoning with Kidney Injury: A Mini Review

A Quantitative Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Scaled-Down QuEChERS Approach for Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticide Multiresidues in Human Urine

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