A case of extreme sex‐modification in an adult bovine free‐martin

Buyse, Adrian

doi:10.1002/ar.1090660105

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Seminiferous tubules were probably present in a 20-cm (Bissonnette, 1924) and in a 21-5-cm (Chapin, 1917) freemartin (the latter was not described with precision). Extremely well developed seminiferous tubules containing germ cells were present in the 25-cm freemartin described by Hay (1950), and many seminiferous tubules were found just after birth (Ohno, Trujillo, Stenius, Christian & Teplitz, 1962;Goodfellow et al, 1965), or a few weeks after birth (Chapin, 1917;Willier, 1921;Moore, Graham & Barr, 1957), or in older freemartins (Fraser-Roberts & Greenwood, 1928;Buyse, 1936;Short, Smith, Mann, Evans, Hallet, Fryer & Hamerton, 1969).…”

Section: The Early Freemartin Effectmentioning

confidence: 89%

Freemartins in Cattle: The First Steps of Sexual Organogenesis

Jost¹,

Vigier²,

Prépin³

1972

Reproduction

138

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Multiple pregnancies were obtained in cows treated with gonadotrophic hormones and the fetuses were removed 39 to 62 days after mating. This covers the period of sexual organogenesis in males from the initial differentiation of the testes to the final establishment of most male structures. Twenty-nine pregnancies resulting in heterosexual fetuses with fused chorions and vascular anastomoses provided forty-eight presumptive freemartins. The genital tract was studied histologically and gonadal size was determined by the paper weight method. No difference was observed between control females and presumptive freemartins up to 48 days. Thereafter, growth of the presumptive ovaries practically stopped in freemartins and the diameter of the upper part of their M\l=u"\llerian ducts decreased, as in males. Contrary to older views, the first freemartin effects occurred at the same stage (49 to 52 days) in all the presumptive freemartins. Ovarian and M\l=u"\llerianinhibition begins simultaneously and a significant correlation between the degree of inhibition of both structures was obtained. The penis, scrotum and prostate were absent in all freemartins until Day 60. In only one case was the ano-genital distance slightly increased. A delayed appearance of seminal vesicles was found in three out of seven freemartins at 61 and 62 days. There was a notable absence of seminiferous tubules in the gonads of all these freemartins. It is suggested that if these tubules are present after birth it is because they have developed later. The factors responsible for the freemartin effect still remain to be discovered. Ovarian and M\l=u"\llerianinhibitions occur during the period of time when the external genitalia of males become masculinized. This suggests that a factor of male origin which inhibits both the ovaries and the M\l=u"\llerianducts and which is distinct from the masculinizing hormone could be involved. Other possibilities are also discussed. Males Females 39 to 40 42 to 43 45 47 48 to 49

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Section: The Early Freemartin Effectmentioning

confidence: 89%

Freemartins in Cattle: The First Steps of Sexual Organogenesis

Jost¹,

Vigier²,

Prépin³

1972

Reproduction

138

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Experimental intersexuality. The effect of antenatal androgens on sexual development of female rats

Greene¹,

Burrill²,

Ivy³

1939

Am. J. Anat.

111

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Derivatives of cortical cords in adult freemartin gonads of bovine quintuplets

Rajakoski

Hafez

1963

Anat. Rec.

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The anatomy of reproductive organs including histology and cytology of the gonads of one-year-old bovine quintuplets were investigated. The experimental animals were four freemartins and one fertile bull with normal sexual libido. In all four freemartins the cervix was absent but the vestibule and the uterine horns were present. The highest degree of transformation of an ovary toward the male pattern was characterized by absence of germinal epithelium, secondary tunica albuginea, ovarian cortex, and follicles; and by presence of mesothelium, primary tunica, tunica vasculosa, interstitial cells, primary sex cords, centrally located rete, epididymis and ductus deferens.Least transformation was characterized by partial presence of ovarian cortex with germinal epithelium, secondary tunica and primordial, growing and Graafian follicles with oocytes and nuclei in prophase of heterotypic division and more peripherally located rete. Histological transformation of gonads was parallel to anatomical transformation of reproductive organs. One male embryo was able to masculinize four of the female quintuplets at a lesser degree than that generally reported in the literature for twins and triplets. The histological differences of the right and left gonad of the same freemartin may be due to differences in the stage of embryonic development or, the sensitivity of the gonadal tissues at the time threshold amounts of circulating substances of male origin were available. The presence of oocytes in the luteal structures may indicate that the lutein cells of such structures originate from luteinized unruptured follicles rather than from the interstitial cells.

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A case of extreme sex‐modification in an adult bovine free‐martin

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Freemartins in Cattle: The First Steps of Sexual Organogenesis

Freemartins in Cattle: The First Steps of Sexual Organogenesis

Experimental intersexuality. The effect of antenatal androgens on sexual development of female rats

Derivatives of cortical cords in adult freemartin gonads of bovine quintuplets

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