A case-control study of lung cancer in nonsmoking women.

Shimizu, Hiroyuki; Morishita, Munehiko; Mizuno, Kenta; Masuda, Tohru; Ogura, Yukio; Santo, Mitsuhiko; Nishimura, M; Kunishima, Kazuo; Karasawa, K; Nishiwaki, K; Yamamoto, Masahiko; Hisamichi, Shigeru; Tominaga, Suketami

doi:10.1620/tjem.154.389

Cited by 76 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous findings on this risk have been inconsistent, with some studies reporting positive results 15,16,21,23,27,29,[31][32][33]35 while others have not. 19,24,25,28,30,34 This inconsistency may be due to a lack of accuracy assessment of exposure to passive smoking at the workplace. However, our study showed a higher risk of adenocarcinoma for combined husband and workplace exposure, suggesting a modest role of the 2 exposures combined in the incidence of adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive smoking and lung cancer in Japanese non‐smoking women: A prospective study

Kurahashi

Inoue²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Although smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, the proportion of lung cancer cases among Japanese women who never smoked is high. As the prevalence of smoking in Japan is relatively high in men but low in women, the development of lung cancer in nonsmoking Japanese women may be significantly impacted by passive smoking. We conducted a population-based prospective study established in 1990 for Cohort I and in 1993 for Cohort II. The study population was defined as all residents aged 40-69 years at the baseline survey. 28,414 lifelong non-smoking women provided baseline information on exposure to tobacco smoke from their husband, at the workplace and during childhood. Over 13 years of follow-up, 109 women were newly diagnosed with lung cancer, of whom 82 developed adenocarcinoma. Compared with women married to never smokers, hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for all lung cancer incidence in women who lived with a smoking husband was 1.34 (95% CI 0.81-2.21). An association was clearly identified for adenocarcinoma (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.07-3.86), for which dose-response relationships were seen for both the intensity (p for trend 5 0.02) and amount (p for trend 5 0.03) of the husband's smoking. Passive smoking at the workplace also increased the risk of lung cancer (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.85-2.04). Moreover, a higher risk of adenocarcinoma was seen for combined husband and workplace exposure (HR 1.93, 95% CI 0.88-4.23). These findings confirm that passive smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer, especially for adenocarcinoma among Japanese women. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: lung cancer; passive smoking; histological type; prospective study; Japanese non-smoking women In Japan, lung cancer has been the second leading cause of cancer death in women since the 1980s. 1 Although the majority of lung cancers can be attributed to cigarette smoking, 53% of all women with lung cancer world-wide are never smokers. 2,3 The proportion of Japanese female lung cancer patients who have never smoked is as high as 70%, 4 whereas the proportion of Japanese women aged 20 or more who smoke is only around 10%. 5 The major risk for lung cancer in Japanese women cannot therefore be attributed to smoking. Given that the urine of non-smokers exposed to passive smoking contains concentrations of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, which are specific to tobacco 6 and the smoking rate in Japanese men is high, at around 50%, 5 passive smoking might be an important risk factor for lung cancer in nonsmoking Japanese women.Since the publication of the first positive findings by Hirayama in Japan, many studies have investigated the relation between passive smoking and lung cancer in non-smoking women. 7 Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that findings on the risk of lung cancer associated with environmental tobacco smoke were consistent. 8 Moreover, a meta-analysis of published studies estimated that the excess risk of lung cancer in non-smokers who lived with a smoker compared to those who live...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive smoking and lung cancer in Japanese non‐smoking women: A prospective study

Kurahashi

Inoue²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…10,16,20,24,28,29) In his review of these studies, Sobue reported that the value of relative risk among Japanese men ranged from 3.7-5.1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between cigarette smoking and the risk of four leading cancers in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan: A multi‐site case‐control study

Minami

Tateno

2003

Cancer Science

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Although cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor of lung cancer, associations of cigarette smoking with the risk of other sites have not been fully elucidated in Japan. To simultaneously evaluate the associations of cigarette smoking with the risks of cancers of the stomach, lung, colon, and rectum, which have been the leading cancer sites in recent years in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study. Study subjects consisted of 614 stomach, 515 lung, 324 colon, and 164 rectal cancer cases and 2444 hospital controls admitted to a single hospital in Miyagi Prefecture from 1997 to 2001. Information on smoking habit and other lifestyle factors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Distributions of referral base among cases and controls were also investigated. For each site, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for smoking habit were estimated with adjustment for age, year of survey, history of alcohol drinking, family history of index cancer, and occupational history, respectively, using an unconditional logistic regression model. Cigarette smoking (ever vs. never) was associated with an increased risk of stomach (OR = = = =1.62; 95% CI 1.20-2.19) and lung (OR = = = =3.82; 95% CI 2.49-5.86) cancer among males and lung cancer among females (OR = = = =2.02; 95% CI 1.28-3.18). For female stomach cancer, the association with cigarette smoking was uncertain (OR = = = =0.65, P = = = =0.1533). For rectal cancer, a significant increased risk was observed in both-sex-combined analysis. There was no association between cigarette smoking and the risk of colon cancer. Detailed analysis showed that the association of cigarette smoking with cancer risk might be modified by the patient referral pattern, i.e., screened or not screened. The present results indicate that the association of cigarette smoking with cancer risk may differ among sites and sexes. In terms of the population attributable risk, a large proportion of leading cancers in males appears to be related to cigarette smoking. (Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 540-547) ver the past several decades, the trends in cancer incidence have been changing in Japan. Stomach cancer incidence, which is still highest in males, has been gradually decreasing, while lung, colon, rectal and breast cancer incidences have been increasing.

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“…Unlike those in the U.S. studies by Kabat and Wynder (22) and Kabat et al (28), the Hong Kong controls reported a high prevalence of household exposure to ETS but very low prevalence of workplace exposure. The null association with household exposure stands in contrast to the significantly positive association reported for spouse exposure in the hospital-based study by Lam et Null results for workplace ETS exposures were also reported in a very small subset of married respondents in a multioutcome study in Great Britain (25), as well as among nonsmokers in larger lung cancer studies from Greece (27), Japan (26), and Taiwan (29). These studies all had low power to detect an OR as low as 1.4.…”

Section: Factors To Consider In Assessing Risk Estimates Of Ets Exposurementioning

confidence: 61%

Epidemiologic evidence for workplace ETS as a risk factor for lung cancer among nonsmokers: specific risk estimates.

Reynolds

1999

Environ Health Perspect

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Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among individuals who have never smoked tobacco products has been well established as a risk factor for lung cancer. Most of the epidemiologic evidence for this association has come from studies of exposure to a spouse who smokes. Fewer studies have explicitly evaluated this risk relationship for workplace sources of ETS exposure. These are reviewed here in the context of study design issues and their contributions to the overall evidence for risks of ETS exposure in the workplace. Although most studies have low power to detect workplace risk estimates in the modest range suggested by the larger studies, risk estimates tend to be consistent with those for exposure from a smoking spouse.

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A case-control study of lung cancer in nonsmoking women.

Cited by 76 publications

References 21 publications

Passive smoking and lung cancer in Japanese non‐smoking women: A prospective study

Passive smoking and lung cancer in Japanese non‐smoking women: A prospective study

Associations between cigarette smoking and the risk of four leading cancers in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan: A multi‐site case‐control study

Epidemiologic evidence for workplace ETS as a risk factor for lung cancer among nonsmokers: specific risk estimates.

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