A case–control study of agricultural and behavioral factors associated with leptospirosis in Vietnam

Dung, Luu Phuong; Hai, Pham Thanh; Hoa, Luong Minh; Phuong, Tran Ngoc; Hanh, Nguyen Thi; Than, Phan Dang; Tran, Van Dinh; Quyet, Nguyen Tu; Hoang, Hai; Ngoc, Do Bich; Thu, Nguyen Thị; Phuong, Le Thi

doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07561-6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…Individuals in different occupations that involve direct contact with animals, such as rural workers, animal handlers, veterinarians, and slaughterhouse workers, may contract the disease or become seropositive for some Leptospira spp. serovars (Dung et al, 2022;Viroj et al 2021;Calderón et al, 2014). The disease is primarily transmitted to humans through the urine, blood, saliva, and semen of infected animals, particularly rodents and dogs (Medeiros et al 2020;Guerra, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Detection and Risk Factors Associated with Leptospirosis Infection in Subsistence Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Santos¹,

Petri²,

Pires³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in subsistence pig production in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A total of 1393 serum samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties in different regions of the state, and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 68.78% for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected serovars. Poor housing conditions, lack of rodent control, absence of veterinary assistance, and a history of reproductive problems were identified as significant risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection in the subsistence pig population. These findings highlight the urgent need for implementing effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in subsistence pig production systems in Paraná, Brazil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Detection and Risk Factors Associated with Leptospirosis Infection in Subsistence Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Santos¹,

Petri²,

Pires³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Santos,

Petri,

Pires

et al. 2023

TropicalMed

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Among different animal species, pigs are known to play a crucial role in the transmission of the pathogenic Leptospira spp. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and associated risk factors in backyard pigs in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A set of 1393 blood samples were collected from pigs on 188 subsistence properties from 136 different municipalities of the Paraná state and tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to detect antibodies against 24 different Leptospira spp. serovars. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 15.87% (221/1393; 95% CI: 13.95–17.78%) for Leptospira spp. antibodies, with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Butembo, and Pomona being the most commonly detected in serovar levels. The lack of rodent control (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.63–1.98, p = 0.02) was the only variable associated with disease incidence and was identified as a significant risk factor for Leptospira spp. infection in this context. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement effective control measures, such as improved housing conditions, rodent control, and veterinary assistance, to prevent the spread of this zoonotic disease in backyard pigs in Paraná, Brazil.

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An investigation of geographical clusters of leptospirosis during the outbreak in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia

Widawati,

Dhewantara,

Anasi

et al. 2023

Geospat Health

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Leptospirosis is neglected in many tropical developing countries, including Indonesia. Our research on this zoonotic disease aimed to investigate epidemiological features and spatial clustering of recent leptospirosis outbreaks in Pangandaran, West Java. The study analysed data on leptospirosis notifications between September 2022 and May 2023. Global Moran I and local indicator for spatial association (LISA) were applied. Comparative analysis was performed to characterise the identified hotspots of leptospirosis relative to its neighbourhoods. A total of 172 reported leptospirosis in 40 villages from 9 sub-districts in Pangandaran District were analysed. Of these, 132 cases (76.7%) were male. The median age was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 34-59 years). Severe outcomes including renal failure, lung failure, and hepatic necrosis were reported in up to 5% of the cases. A total of 30 patients died, resulting in the case fatality rate (CFR) of 17.4%. Moran’s I analysis showed significant spatial autocorrelation (I=0.293; p=0.002) and LISA results identified 7 High-High clusters (hotspots) in the Southwest, with the total population at risk at 26,184 people. The hotspots had more cases among older individuals (median age: 51, IQR: 36-61 years; p<0.001), more farmers (79%, p=0.001) and more evidence of the presence of rats (p=0.02). A comprehensive One Health intervention should be targeted towards these high-risk areas to control the transmission of leptospirosis. More empirical evidence is needed to understand the role of climate, animals and sociodemographic characteristics on the transmission of leptospirosis in the area studied.

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A case–control study of agricultural and behavioral factors associated with leptospirosis in Vietnam

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Serological Detection and Risk Factors Associated with Leptospirosis Infection in Subsistence Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Serological Detection and Risk Factors Associated with Leptospirosis Infection in Subsistence Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Leptospira spp. Infection in Backyard Pigs in the State of Paraná, Brazil

An investigation of geographical clusters of leptospirosis during the outbreak in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia

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