A Cardiac Force Index Applied to the G Tolerance Test and Surveillance among Male Military Aircrew

Chiang, Kwo-Tsao; Tu, Min-Yu; Lin, Yi-Chang; Hsin, Yi-Hsiang; Chiu, Yu‐Lung; Li, Fang‐Ling; Chen, Hsin-Hui; Lai, Chung‐Yu

doi:10.3390/ijerph18168832

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We used the mHealth BioHarness device to collect HR data during physical activity performed before centrifuge training. Regarding the CFI values, the results revealed that the WCFI was positively related to G tolerance when the G level was increased at a gradual rate, which was consistent with other studies [ 12 ]. Additionally, this study successfully developed a new model for predicting G tolerance on the basis of changes in cardiac function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…To avoid variation between participants, we used a large sample size. Our previous study indicated that the mean RGT and SGT were 5.1 and 7.8 G, respectively [ 12 ]. We identified nearly the same RGT and SGT values (RGT: 4.9 G and SGT: 7.9 G) in our sample of 213 participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, 6 participants were excluded from the analysis due to poor data quality, resulting in a final sample size of 213 participants. Resting and walking data were extracted and analyzed using previously proposed research methods [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G Tolerance Prediction Model Using Mobile Device–Measured Cardiac Force Index for Military Aircrew: Observational Study

Kuo¹,

Lin²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background During flight, G force compels blood to stay in leg muscles and reduces blood flow to the heart. Cardiovascular responses activated by the autonomic nerve system and strengthened by anti-G straining maneuvers can alleviate the challenges faced during G loading. To our knowledge, no definite cardiac information measured using a mobile health device exists for analyzing G tolerance. However, our previous study developed the cardiac force index (CFI) for analyzing the G tolerance of military aircrew. Objective This study used the CFI to verify participants’ cardiac performance when walking and obtained a formula for predicting an individual’s G tolerance during centrifuge training. Methods Participants from an air force aircrew undertook high-G training from January 2020 to December 2022. Their heart rate (HR) in beats per minute and activity level per second were recorded using the wearable BioHarness 3.0 device. The CFI was computed using the following formula: weight × activity / HR during resting or walking. Relaxed G tolerance (RGT) and straining G tolerance (SGT) were assessed at a slowly increasing rate of G loading (0.1 G/s) during training. Other demographic factors were included in the multivariate regression to generate a model for predicting G tolerance from the CFI. Results A total of 213 eligible trainees from a military aircrew were recruited. The average age was 25.61 (SD 3.66) years, and 13.1% (28/213) of the participants were women. The mean resting CFI and walking CFI (WCFI) were 0.016 (SD 0.001) and 0.141 (SD 0.037) kg × G/beats per minute, respectively. The models for predicting RGT and SGT were as follows: RGT = 0.066 × age + 0.043 × (WCFI × 100) – 0.037 × height + 0.015 × systolic blood pressure – 0.010 × HR + 7.724 and SGT = 0.103 × (WCFI × 100) − 0.069 × height + 0.018 × systolic blood pressure + 15.899. Thus, the WCFI is a positive factor for predicting the RGT and SGT before centrifuge training. Conclusions The WCFI is a vital component of the formula for estimating G tolerance prior to training. The WCFI can be used to monitor physiological conditions against G stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G Tolerance Prediction Model Using Mobile Device–Measured Cardiac Force Index for Military Aircrew: Observational Study

Kuo¹,

Lin²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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“…The gravity of hypoxia adversely affecting performance and the urgency to address sex disparities within aerospace medicine merits exploring male and female aviators’ responses to low-oxygen events to equip early warning systems better. Examining sex comparisons in hypoxic challenge is an initial step towards addressing the numerous aircrew occupational stressors and environmental exposures that have been ignored, along with G-tolerance, workload, spatial disorientation, inflammatory responses, and urinary relief systems ( Lewkowicz et al, 2018 ; Lefèvre et al, 2019 ; Belt et al, 2020 ; Chiang et al, 2021 ; Schultz et al, 2022 ). Female aircrew play an integrative role in aviation, and as their occupational opportunities expand, so should the operational health sciences to best support all aircrew needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex comparisons in physiological and cognitive performance during hypoxic challenge

2022

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Within the tactical aviation community, human performance research lags in considering potential psychophysiological differences between male and female aviators due to little inclusion of females during the design and development of aircraft systems. A poor understanding of how male and female aviators differ with respect to human performance results in unknown potential sex differences on aeromedically relevant environmental stressors, perchance leading to suboptimal performance, safety, and health guidelines. For example, previous hypoxia studies have excluded female participants or lacked a sizeable sample to examine sex comparisons. As such, progress toward sensor development and improving hypoxia familiarization training are stunted due to limited knowledge of how individual differences, including sex, may or may not underlie hypoxia symptoms and performance impairment. Investigating sex differences bridges the gap between aerospace medicine and operational health, and addressing hypoxia is one of many facets yet to be studied. In the current study, we retrospectively examined N = 6 hypoxia studies with male-female participant samples (total, N = 189; male, n = 118; female, n = 71). We explored sex as a predictor of physiological response, sensory deficits, the severity of cognitive performance declines, and symptom manifestation via linear and binary logistic regression models. We found that the female sex predicted lower peripheral oxygen saturation and the likelihood of headache reporting in response to hypoxic challenge, yet explained little variance when combined with age and body mass index. The sensory and cognitive performance models did not converge, suggesting high intra-individual variability. Together, sex, age, and body mass index were not the most robust predictors in responses to hypoxic challenge; we cannot infer this for sensory deficits and cognitive performance within an experimentally induced hypoxic environment. The findings have implications for improving hypoxia familiarization training, monitoring sensor development, and emergency response and recovery protocols in case of a hypoxia occurrence suitable for all aircrew. We recommend continuing to elucidate the impact of sex and intrapersonal differences in hypoxia and other aeromedically relevant stressors in tactical aviation.

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“…The authors reported that this index was positively correlated with running performance [ 16 ]. Subsequently, another study suggested that the CFI was positively correlated with the G tolerance of pilots [ 17 ]. The purpose of this study was to observe changes in the CFI after performing exergames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure Exergame on Running Completion Time and Psychological Factors Among University Students Engaging in Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial

Wu¹,

Wang²,

Chan³

et al. 2022

JMIR Serious Games

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Background The COVID-19 outbreak has not only changed the lifestyles of people globally but has also resulted in other challenges, such as the requirement of self-isolation and distance learning. Moreover, people are unable to venture out to exercise, leading to reduced movement, and therefore, the demand for exercise at home has increased. Objective We intended to investigate the relationships between a Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure (RFA) intervention and improvements in running time, cardiac force index (CFI), sleep quality (Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score), and mood disorders (5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale score). Methods This was a randomized prospective study and included 80 students who were required to complete a 1600-meter outdoor run before and after the intervention, the completion times of which were recorded in seconds. They were also required to fill out a lifestyle questionnaire. During the study, 40 participants (16 males and 24 females, with an average age of 23.75 years) were assigned to the RFA group and were required to exercise for 30 minutes 3 times per week (in the adventure mode) over 4 weeks. The exercise intensity was set according to the instructions given by the virtual coach during the first game. The remaining 40 participants (30 males and 10 females, with an average age of 22.65 years) were assigned to the control group and maintained their regular habits during the study period. Results The study was completed by 80 participants aged 20 to 36 years (mean 23.20, SD 2.96 years). The results showed that the running time in the RFA group was significantly reduced. After 4 weeks of physical training, it took females in the RFA group 19.79 seconds (P=.03) and males 22.56 seconds (P=.03) less than the baseline to complete the 1600-meter run. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the performance of the control group in the run before and after the fourth week of intervention. In terms of mood disorders, the average score of the RFA group increased from 1.81 to 3.31 for males (difference=1.50, P=.04) and from 3.17 to 4.54 for females (difference=1.38, P=.06). In addition, no significant differences between the RFA and control groups were observed for the CFI peak acceleration (CFIPA)_walk, CFIPA_run, or sleep quality. Conclusions RFA could either maintain or improve an individual’s physical fitness, thereby providing a good solution for people involved in distance learning or those who have not exercised for an extended period. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05227040; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05227040

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A Cardiac Force Index Applied to the G Tolerance Test and Surveillance among Male Military Aircrew

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

G Tolerance Prediction Model Using Mobile Device–Measured Cardiac Force Index for Military Aircrew: Observational Study

G Tolerance Prediction Model Using Mobile Device–Measured Cardiac Force Index for Military Aircrew: Observational Study

Sex comparisons in physiological and cognitive performance during hypoxic challenge

Effect of the Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure Exergame on Running Completion Time and Psychological Factors Among University Students Engaging in Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial

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