A brief scale for measuring Anti-Intellectualism

Marques, Mathew D.; Elphinstone, Brad; Critchley, Christine; Eigenberger, Martin E.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.001

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The SciPop Scale measures science-related populism, a phenomenon that permeates public perceptions of various scientific issues: Existing public opinion research suggests that people in several countries distrust scientific evidence on climate change, nuclear power, or GM food (e.g., Merkley, 2020) and demand their own common sense to guide decisions on how to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, for example (Wissenschaft im Dialog, 2020). Yet, such research has not provided a full account of science-related populist attitudes: Studies on distrust toward science, for instance, do not capture the idea that people's experiences and sentiments should replace the scientific knowledge (e.g., Nadelson et al, 2014), while research on antiintellectualism does not investigate popular demands for science-related decision-making power (e.g., Marques, Elphinstone, Critchley, & Eigenberger, 2017). Rather, these studies have analyzed phenomena that are related to, yet conceptually different from, science-related populism, which is illustrated by the comparably small correlation of respondents' SciPop Scores and their level of (dis)trust in science we found in the validity tests (r = -.20, p < .001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SciPop Scale for Measuring Science-Related Populist Attitudes in Surveys: Development, Test, and Validation

Mede

Schäfer

Füchslin

2020

International Journal of Public Opinion Research

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Populism typically pits political elites against “the virtuous people.” A distinct variant of populism (“science-related populism”) extends beyond politics, targeting academic elites and suggesting they ignore people’s common sense and will. Individual endorsement of such a worldview (“science-related populist attitudes”) has been conceptualized but not yet measured. Hence, we developed the SciPop Scale, a survey instrument to measure science-related populist attitudes. We tested 17 survey items in a first representative survey and developed an 8-item scale. We then tested German, French, and Italian versions of this scale in a second representative survey, employing confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, and external validity tests. Findings show that the SciPop Scale is a robust and reliable measure of populist demands toward science.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SciPop Scale for Measuring Science-Related Populist Attitudes in Surveys: Development, Test, and Validation

Mede

Schäfer

Füchslin

2020

International Journal of Public Opinion Research

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“…Marques et al's (2017) Intellectualism Scale was used. The scale has 10 items (e.g., “working on difficult intellectual problems is enjoyable and stimulating for me”) rated on a 5‐point scale from 1 ( completely false ) to 5 ( completely true ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intellectualism (a tendency to experience positive affect from epistemic activities) is also linked with self‐control and self‐regulatory functioning. Intellectualism is associated with a preference for elaborated forms of thinking and decision‐making over automatic or effortless problem‐solving strategies (Marques, Elphinstone, Critchley, & Eigenberger, 2017) that underlies self‐control and long‐term orientation.…”

Section: Well‐being In Korean Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Relationships of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well‐Being with Self‐Control and Long‐Term Orientation1

Joshanloo

Jovanović

Park³

2020

Jpn Psychol Res

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This study sought to explore differential relations between the hedonic (life satisfaction, negative affect, and positive affect) and eudaimonic (psychological wellbeing and social well-being) components of well-being and five criterion variables: long-term planning, self-control, sensation-seeking, grit, and intellectualism. The study used a sample of 1,310 Korean adults (M age = 40.024 years, SD age = 10.922 years). It was predicted and found that the criterion variables of the study had stronger associations with eudaimonic well-being than hedonic well-being. The results indicate that eudaimonic well-being is more consistent than hedonic well-being with a long-term emphasis on skill-building and striving for future goals (as opposed to immediate gratification).

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“…Marques et al argue that anti-intellectualism and intellectualism are opposites that lie on the same continuum and describe the former as being opposed to freedom of thought, creativity and cerebral pursuits (2017, p. 167). Therefore, intellectualism is not an indication of abstract intelligence (Marques et al, 2017). Hence, a person can be highly intelligent but not an intellectual; that is, if ideas are for him or her only a means for practical purposes, such a person is not an intellectual but rather "a mental worker, a technician" (Hofstadter, 1963, p. 27).…”

Section: Intellectualism: a Critical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, xenophobia and anti-intellectualism can be found even in some of the most democratic countries, such as the UK (Bristow and Robinson, 2018) and the United States (Peters, 2018). One cause of negative attitudes towards multiculturality is the anti-intellectualism associated with right-wing K 49,7 authoritarianism and dogmatism (Eigenberger and Sealander, 2001), opposition to freedom of thought (Marques et al, 2017), anti-rationalism and populist anti-elitism (McDevitt et al, 2018) and racism and xenophobia (Bristow and Robinson, 2018). Consequently, one can argue that people who are more interested in intellectual development are also more open to multicultural diversity.…”

Section: Intellectualism Lifelong Learning and Multiculturalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Students’ attitudes towards knowledge and the future of work

Frunzaru

Corbu

2020

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent secondary school students’ interest in intellectual development influences key abilities necessary to cope with the future of work. In the ever-changing world of work, deeply influenced by new technologies and cultural diversity in the workforce, young people must develop three essential traits to increase their capacity to quickly adapt to the situation in the labour market: openness to lifelong learning, critical thinking skills related to online information (of which online fact-checking is a key component) and openness to a multicultural society. In this paper, it is argued that these traits are directly related to young people’s interest in intellectual development but that additional interdependencies between these three traits complicate this equation. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a survey of secondary school students in the 12th grade (N = 1221). A hypothesized conceptual model was tested with AMOS software for structural equation modelling. Findings The findings show that students who are more interested in intellectual development are more open to lifelong learning. The relationship between intellectualism and lifelong learning is also mediated by online fact-checking. Moreover, the higher the interest in lifelong learning, the higher the openness to multiculturality. There is, however, no direct relationship between interest in intellectual development and multiculturality. Practical implications The results of this study will help making recommendations to three key stakeholders: young people, teachers and policymakers. They could have a practical impact on the labour market in the future. Originality/value This paper examines a topic that has not been systematically studied, namely, the possible influence of intellectualism on the future of work. The findings highlight the possible negative effects of a lack of interest in intellectual development on lifelong learning, living and working in a multicultural environment and processing online information.

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A brief scale for measuring Anti-Intellectualism

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

The SciPop Scale for Measuring Science-Related Populist Attitudes in Surveys: Development, Test, and Validation

The SciPop Scale for Measuring Science-Related Populist Attitudes in Surveys: Development, Test, and Validation

Differential Relationships of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well‐Being with Self‐Control and Long‐Term Orientation1

Students’ attitudes towards knowledge and the future of work

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