A Brief Review on the Biology and Effects of Cellular and Circulating microRNAs on Cardiac Remodeling after Infarction

Parikh, Mihir; Pierce, Grant N.

doi:10.3390/ijms22094995

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Upon internalization, the cargo composition of sEVs can drastically alter the cardioprotective effects of the sEV therapies [46]. Specifically, several miRNAs were associated with angiogenesis, anti-fibrosis and ischemic recovery after MI, but the incorporated miRNA profile is dependent on external factors such as parent cell type (e.g., CPC or mesenchymal stromal cell), age and culture conditions, limiting our control over the cargo [19,20,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Cardiac Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Vehicles with Thin-Film Hydration for Customized microRNA Loading

Bheri

Kassouf

Park

et al. 2021

JCDD

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Cell therapies for myocardial infarction, including cardiac ckit+ progenitor cell (CPC) therapies, have been promising, with clinical trials underway. Recently, paracrine signaling, specifically through small extracellular vesicle (sEV) release, was implicated in cell-based cardiac repair. sEVs carry cardioprotective cargo, including microRNA (miRNA), within a complex membrane and improve cardiac outcomes similar to that of their parent cells. However, miRNA loading efficiency is low, and sEV yield and cargo composition vary with parent cell conditions, minimizing sEV potency. Synthetic mimics allow for cargo-loading control but consist of much simpler membranes, often suffering from high immunogenicity and poor stability. Here, we aim to combine the benefits of sEVs and synthetic mimics to develop sEV-like vesicles (ELVs) with customized cargo loading. We developed a modified thin-film hydration (TFH) mechanism to engineer ELVs from CPC-derived sEVs with pro-angiogenic miR-126 encapsulated. Characterization shows miR-126+ ELVs are similar in size and structure to sEVs. Upon administration to cardiac endothelial cells (CECs), ELV uptake is similar to sEVs too. Further, when functionally validated with a CEC tube formation assay, ELVs significantly improve tube formation parameters compared to sEVs. This study shows TFH-ELVs synthesized from sEVs allow for select miRNA loading and can improve in vitro cardiac outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Cardiac Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Vehicles with Thin-Film Hydration for Customized microRNA Loading

Bheri

Kassouf

Park

et al. 2021

JCDD

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“…Given the high mortality rate of MI, it is urgently needed to identify effective interventions to prevent and treat MI. Multiple studies proved that miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of AMI [ 15 – 16 ] . However, the molecular mechanisms of MI remain unknown and there are still many unidentified miRNAs associated with MI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of miRNA-mRNA network reveals crucial miRNAs and genes in acute myocardial infarction

Wang¹,

Li²,

Ma³

et al. 2021

J Biomed Res

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Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to identify crucial microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs in AMI by establishing a miRNA-mRNA network. The microarray datasets GSE31568, GSE148153, and GSE66360 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) in AMI samples compared with normal control samples. The consistently changing miRNAs in both GSE31568 and GSE148153 datasets were selected as candidate DE-miRNAs. The interactions between the candidate DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs were analyzed, and a miRNA-mRNA network and a protein-protein interaction network were constructed, along with functional enrichment and pathway analyses. A total of 209 DE-miRNAs in the GSE31568 dataset, 857 DE-miRNAs in the GSE148153 dataset, and 351 DE-mRNAs in the GSE66360 dataset were identified. Eighteen candidate DE-miRNAs were selected from both the GSE31568 and GSE148153 datasets. Furthermore, miR-646 , miR-127-5p , miR-509-5p , miR-509-3-5p , and miR-767-5p were shown to have a higher degree in the miRNA-mRNA network. THBS-1 as well as FOS was a hub gene in the miRNA-mRNA network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, respectively. CDKN1A was important in both miRNA-mRNA network and PPI network. We established a miRNA-mRNA network in AMI and identified five miRNAs and three genes, which might be used as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for patients with AMI.

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“…The importance of miRNAs in cardiac development and heart function in cases of ischemic disease has been shown in recent years [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Early stages of cardiac development are controlled by miR-1 and miR-133a, resulting in commitment of cardiac-specific muscle lineage from embryonic stem cells and mesodermal precursors [ 12 ].…”

Section: Mirnas: the Clinical Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac automaticity is regulated by miR-1/133a, while miR-208/499 regulates expression of contractile proteins. In cardiac pathology, expression of cardiac miRNAs is markedly altered [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], leading to acute (ischemia-reperfusion and apoptosis) and chronic (fibrosis, hypertrophy, and remodeling) adverse effects. In acute myocardial infarction, circulating levels of cardiac miRNAs are significantly elevated, making them a promising marker for early diagnosis [ 5 ].…”

Section: Mirnas: the Clinical Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs in Cardiac Myxoma: New Pathologic Findings for Potential Therapeutic Opportunities

Nenna

Loreni

Giacinto

et al. 2022

IJMS

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, contributing to all major cellular processes. The importance of miRNAs in cardiac development, heart function, and valvular heart disease has been shown in recent years, and aberrant expression of miRNA has been reported in various malignancies, such as gastric cancer and breast cancer. Different from other fields of investigation, the role of miRNAs in cardiac tumors still remains difficult to interpret due to the scarcity publications and a lack of narrative focus on this topic. In this article, we summarize the available evidence on miRNAs and cardiac myxomas and propose new pathways for future research. miRNAs play a part in modifying the expression of cardiac transcription factors (miR-335-5p), increasing cell cycle trigger factors (miR-126-3p), interfering with ceramide synthesis (miR-320a), inducing apoptosis (miR-634 and miR-122), suppressing production of interleukins (miR-217), and reducing cell proliferation (miR-218). As such, they have complex and interconnected roles. At present, the study of the complete mechanistic control of miRNA remains a crucial issue, as proper understanding of signaling pathways is essential for the forecasting of therapeutic implications. Other types of cardiac tumors still lack adequate investigation with regard to miRNA. Further research should aim at investigating the causal relationship between different miRNAs and cell overgrowth, considering both myxoma and other histological types of cardiac tumors. We hope that this review will help in understanding this fascinating molecular approach.

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A Brief Review on the Biology and Effects of Cellular and Circulating microRNAs on Cardiac Remodeling after Infarction

Cited by 10 publications

References 101 publications

Engineering Cardiac Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Vehicles with Thin-Film Hydration for Customized microRNA Loading

Engineering Cardiac Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Vehicles with Thin-Film Hydration for Customized microRNA Loading

Construction of miRNA-mRNA network reveals crucial miRNAs and genes in acute myocardial infarction

miRNAs in Cardiac Myxoma: New Pathologic Findings for Potential Therapeutic Opportunities

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