“…They emphasised that the positions of the two coalitions were "black and white and right and wrong", allowing "no shades of grey, nothing in between" (public health advocates) and no scope for consensus. Many members of the Supporters' Alliance even seemed to feel that 1 Density calculations measure the proportion of all possible connections between two actors that are present in a network or a group, providing an index of the degree of paired connection in a population (Hanneman & Riddle, 2005). Density measures network cohesion, with information assumed to pass quicker through a highly dense network than a network with a low density score (Provan, Harvey, & de Zapien, 2005).…”
Networks and coalitions of stakeholders play a crucial role in the development and implementation of policies, with previous research highlighting that networks in tobacco control are characterised by an antagonism between supporters and opponents of comprehensive tobacco control policies. This UK-based study used quantitative and qualitative network analysis (drawing on 176 policy submissions and 32 interviews) to systematically map and analyse a network of actors involved in the development of European Union (EU) smoke-free policy. Policy debates were dominated by two coalitions of stakeholders with starkly opposing positions on the issue. One coalition, consisting primarily of health-related organisations, supported comprehensive EU smoke-free policy, whereas the other, led by tobacco manufacturers' organisations, opposed the policy initiative. The data suggest that, aided by strong political commitment of EU decision makers to develop smokefree policy, advocates supporting comprehensive EU policy were able to frame policy debates in ways which challenged the tobacco industry's legitimacy. They then benefited from the stark polarisation between the two coalitions. The paper provides empirical evidence of the division between two distinct coalitions in tobacco policy debates and draws attention to the complex processes of consensus-seeking, alliance-building and strategic action which are integral to the development of EU policy. Highlighting network polarisation and industry isolation as factors which seemed to increase tobacco control success, the study demonstrates the potential significance and value of FCTC article 5.3 for tobacco control policy-making.
“…They emphasised that the positions of the two coalitions were "black and white and right and wrong", allowing "no shades of grey, nothing in between" (public health advocates) and no scope for consensus. Many members of the Supporters' Alliance even seemed to feel that 1 Density calculations measure the proportion of all possible connections between two actors that are present in a network or a group, providing an index of the degree of paired connection in a population (Hanneman & Riddle, 2005). Density measures network cohesion, with information assumed to pass quicker through a highly dense network than a network with a low density score (Provan, Harvey, & de Zapien, 2005).…”
Networks and coalitions of stakeholders play a crucial role in the development and implementation of policies, with previous research highlighting that networks in tobacco control are characterised by an antagonism between supporters and opponents of comprehensive tobacco control policies. This UK-based study used quantitative and qualitative network analysis (drawing on 176 policy submissions and 32 interviews) to systematically map and analyse a network of actors involved in the development of European Union (EU) smoke-free policy. Policy debates were dominated by two coalitions of stakeholders with starkly opposing positions on the issue. One coalition, consisting primarily of health-related organisations, supported comprehensive EU smoke-free policy, whereas the other, led by tobacco manufacturers' organisations, opposed the policy initiative. The data suggest that, aided by strong political commitment of EU decision makers to develop smokefree policy, advocates supporting comprehensive EU policy were able to frame policy debates in ways which challenged the tobacco industry's legitimacy. They then benefited from the stark polarisation between the two coalitions. The paper provides empirical evidence of the division between two distinct coalitions in tobacco policy debates and draws attention to the complex processes of consensus-seeking, alliance-building and strategic action which are integral to the development of EU policy. Highlighting network polarisation and industry isolation as factors which seemed to increase tobacco control success, the study demonstrates the potential significance and value of FCTC article 5.3 for tobacco control policy-making.
“…This method calculates the similarity between two network 146 matrices using the Jaccard coefficient (Hanneman and Riddle, 2005). One of the matrices is then 147 randomly permuted using the QAP and the Jaccard coefficient recalculated.…”
Section: Data Management and Analysis 132 133mentioning
“…If a specific node or actor did not have an external relationship, then their density in the network is set to zero (Hanneman & Riddle, 2005).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(ii) the cohesion, which identifies the strongest ties relative to the researched universe (De Nooy et al, 2005); and (iii) the density, which evaluates the average force of all possible ties (Hanneman & Riddle, 2005). According to Watts and Strogatz (1998), density is a measure of the intensity of interactions among network actors.…”
The application of cleaner production (CP) practices in companies is not commonplace in Brazil. Moreover, there are significant difficulties in establishing partnerships among universities, companies, and the government. However, an increase in the number of companies concerned about the impacts of industrial activities on the environment has enabled the development of CP research. Hence, using a literature review and a bibliometric analysis to quantify the scientific production of CP, published in a congress promoted by the Journal of Cleaner Production in Brazil, and an analysis of social networks using UCINET-Draw, this study contributes to the current state of CP research in Brazil. Despite remarkable developments, shareholders and entrepreneurs still lack knowledge about the subsidies/funds to implement CP made available by the government, which would improve the implementation of CP practices. Moreover, university research programs may help companies to generate innovations in this field. This study is one of the first to review CP practices in Brazil, and proposes a framework to promote CP practices in Brazil. KEYWORDS | Cleaner production, bibliometric analysis, UCINET-Draw, sustainable production and consumption, participation of universities, enterprises, and governments in research.
RESUMO
A aplicação da produção mais limpa (PML) em empresas não é prática comum no
RAE-Revista de Administração de Empresas | FGV/EAESP
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