A blind robust color image watermarking method using quaternion Fourier transform

Abstract

International audienceA blind color image watermarking scheme based on quaternion discrete Fourier transform (QDFT) and uniform log-polar mapping (ULPM) is proposed. In this scheme, a binary meaningful watermark is first embedded into the real part of QDFT coefficient of middle frequencies. In order to make it robust to geometric attacks, a bipolar binary watermark is inserted by the following ULPM method. This second watermark can resist geometric attacks and is used so as to invert such a transformation. Once the geometric transform is reversed, the meaningful watermark can be then extracted. Furthermore, several blocking watermarking embedding approaches in QDFT domain are compared to obtain better robustness against common signal operations. Compared to other existing methods, experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance against common signal operations and geometric attacks

Color image watermarking based on quaternion Fourier transform and improved uniform log-polar mapping

“…A semi-blind scheme that combines quaternion singular value decomposition and QDFT was presented by Sun et al [13]. Recently, Chen et al [14] demonstrated how to fully utilize the 4-D quaternion frequency domain in order to embed a large capacity color image watermark in the case of the well-known quantization index modulation (QIM) [14][15][16]. Wang et al [15] developed a QDFT-based blind color image watermarking algorithm where least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were combined with pseudo-Zernike moments to resist geometric attacks.…”

“…Wang et al [15] developed a QDFT-based blind color image watermarking algorithm where least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were combined with pseudo-Zernike moments to resist geometric attacks. In [16], a blind color image watermarking method was proposed to resist geometric attacks by combining the uniform log-polar mapping (ULPM) with QDFT.…”

“…q Reviews processed and recommended for publication to the Editor-in-Chief by Associate Editor Dr. Eduardo Cabal-Yepez. [1][2][3], discrete Fourier transform (DFT) [4], discrete wavelet transform (DWT) [5][6][7][8][9], and quaternion discrete Fourier transform (QDFT) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Barni and Piva et al [1] proposed to embed the watermark in a subset of DCT coefficients for each color channel while exploiting the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS) and the correlation between RGB channels in order to achieve a good trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility.…”

Partial Encryption of Color Image Using Quaternion Discrete Cosine Transform

“…Quaternions (or hypercomplex) have been widely used in geometry and physics since born, and quaternions are introduced to the field of color image processing in recent years [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Gray image encryption method mostly proceed in airspace which has little operating space and low security factor, so the improved encryption method is performed in the frequency domain, and orthogonal transformation commonly used are discrete Cosine transform (DCT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and discrete wavelet transform(DWT), etc.…”

“…Ell was the first person who gave the definition of quaternion (hypercomplex) Fourier transform (QFT) in his doctoral thesis [6], Bahri and Ashino introduced the correlation theorem of QFT form II [7], then Sangwine applied QFT to color images, and gave the definition of quaternion discrete Fourier transform (QDFT) [8]. Ouyang and Wen et al, applied QFT to color image watermarking, and proposed a robust blind color image watermarking algorithm [9]. GAI and Wang et al combined DQFT and double random phase encryption technology based on optical image encryption theory, proposing a new double random phase encryption technology for color images [10][11].…”