A bit toggling approach for AMBTC tamper detection scheme with high image fidelity

Hong, Wien; Li, Dan; Lou, Der‐Chyuan; Zhou, Xiaoyu; Chang, Chi-Jen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230997

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The other problem of this method is that they used the trace of singular values, which is not enough for authentication and causes a big False Positive Rate (FPR) in detection. An AMBTC authentication method with efficient detection ability was proposed by Hong et al in 2020 but this is not capable of recovering the original images [35].…”

Section: Background Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Recovery of Higher Tampered Images Using Novel Feature and Compression Strategy

2021

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Due to the availability of powerful image-editing software and the growing amount of multimedia data that is transmitted via the Internet, integrity verifications and confidentiality of the data are becoming critical issues. However, currently, the accuracy of detecting and the recovery capability of the tampered images by the existing methods through watermarking strategy is still not at the required level, especially at a higher tampered rate. This paper proposes a new blind and fragile watermarking method to detect tampering and better recovery of tampered images. To improve the quality of both the watermarked and the recovered images, a new feature extraction scheme is introduced which will produce a short but comprehensive recovery code using a new compression strategy. If a block in the image tampers, the proposed embedded feature allows the original data to be extracted for recovery. To overcome tamper coincidence, every block's watermarked data contains not only the recovery code belonging to the block itself but also its neighbor's data as a second layer of recovery. Various size blocks were investigated to see the performance and compare their efficiency for recovering an image after different tampering rates. The test showed the smaller block sizes may be more suitable for locating tampering, where the bigger ones are more suitable when the tampering rate is higher. The bigger block sizes in the proposed method can recover an image even after a 60% tampering rate with high quality (more than 31 dB). The experimental results prove that the proposed method can have better efficiency for detecting tampering, and recovery of the original image, compared to the relevant existing methods.

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Section: Background Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Recovery of Higher Tampered Images Using Novel Feature and Compression Strategy

2021

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“…The methods of spatial domain [5][6][7][8] embed the authentication code directly into pixels of the image, this type of technique allows to obtain a high image quality and a large space for carrying information. The image authentication methods of the compressed domain [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], on the other hand, embed the authentication code into the compressed code. Compressed images are preferred for transmission over the network because smaller files facilitate network transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compressed images are preferred for transmission over the network because smaller files facilitate network transmission. Currently, the joint photographic experts group (JPEG) [9,10], vector quantization (VQ) [11,12], absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and so on are commonly used compression techniques. Among these techniques, AMBTC requires less computation and has a satisfactory compression rate, which has attracted some research in this area in recent years [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, [18] not only preserves the image effectively, but the image quality is also comparable to the method of [17]. To detect the splice tampering, [20] utilizes the block location information in addition to the bitmap to generate the authentication code. They generate different authentication codes by toggling the bitmap and select the authentication code that causes the least error to embed into the quantized values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing methods [15][16][17][18][19][20] can achieve most of the tampering detection and a good image quality. However, due to the design of the embedding technique, the authentication code in [15] can only be digits of base 7, [16,17] can only be digits of bases 2, 4, 8 and 16, while [19] can only be digit of base 8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A High Fidelity Authentication Scheme for AMBTC Compressed Image Using Reference Table Encoding

et al. 2021

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In this paper, we propose a high-quality image authentication method based on absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) compressed images. The existing AMBTC authentication methods may not be able to detect certain malicious tampering due to the way that the authentication codes are generated. In addition, these methods also suffer from their embedding technique, which limits the improvement of marked image quality. In our method, each block is classified as either a smooth block or a complex one based on its smoothness. To enhance the image quality, we toggle bits in bitmap of smooth block to generate a set of authentication codes. The pixel pair matching (PPM) technique is used to embed the code that causes the least error into the quantization values. To reduce the computation cost, we only use the original and flipped bitmaps to generate authentication codes for complex blocks, and select the one that causes the least error for embedment. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only obtains higher marked image quality but also achieves better detection performance compared with prior works.

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An effective compressed image authentication scheme based on N-variant AMBTC

Chang

Lin

2023

Multimed Tools Appl

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A bit toggling approach for AMBTC tamper detection scheme with high image fidelity

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Detection and Recovery of Higher Tampered Images Using Novel Feature and Compression Strategy

Detection and Recovery of Higher Tampered Images Using Novel Feature and Compression Strategy

A High Fidelity Authentication Scheme for AMBTC Compressed Image Using Reference Table Encoding

An effective compressed image authentication scheme based on N-variant AMBTC

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