A High Fidelity Authentication Scheme for AMBTC Compressed Image Using Reference Table Encoding

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a high-quality image authentication method based on absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) compressed images. The existing AMBTC authentication methods may not be able to detect certain malicious tampering due to the way that the authentication codes are generated. In addition, these methods also suffer from their embedding technique, which limits the improvement of marked image quality. In our method, each block is classified as either a smooth block or a complex one based on its smoothness. To enhance the image quality, we toggle bits in bitmap of smooth block to generate a set of authentication codes. The pixel pair matching (PPM) technique is used to embed the code that causes the least error into the quantization values. To reduce the computation cost, we only use the original and flipped bitmaps to generate authentication codes for complex blocks, and select the one that causes the least error for embedment. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only obtains higher marked image quality but also achieves better detection performance compared with prior works.

An Authentication Method for AMBTC Compressed Images Using Dual Embedding Strategies

“…This is because the generation of authentication codes of [25][26][27] is The components for generating authentication codes, embedding techniques and detectability of methods [25][26][27] and the proposed method are summarized in Table 5. Furthermore, the performance in recovery domain for methods [20,21] are also compared. Comparisons are made between the various detection methods for "Detection of bananas", "Detection of orange" and "Detection of watermelon" with tampering collages of banana, orange and watermelon, respectively.…”

“…Comparisons are made between the various detection methods for "Detection of bananas", "Detection of orange" and "Detection of watermelon" with tampering collages of banana, orange and watermelon, respectively. The table shows that methods [20,[25][26][27] cannot detect all these types of tampering. The reason is that the components used for generating authentication codes are not included in all to-be-protected contents.…”

“…The reason is that the components used for generating authentication codes are not included in all to-be-protected contents. In contrast, method [20] and the proposed method use contents that need to be protected to generate authentication codes, and thus they are able to detect these tampering. The components for generating authentication codes, embedding techniques and detectability of methods [25][26][27] and the proposed method are summarized in Table 5.…”

“…The reason is that the components used for generating authentication codes are not included in all to-be-protected contents. In contrast, method [20] and the proposed method use contents that need to be protected to generate authentication codes, and thus they are able to detect these tampering.…”

“…This is because compressed images have lower storage space and transmission bandwidth requirements. At present, vector quantization (VQ) [14][15][16], joint photographic expert group (JPEG) [17][18][19], and absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) [20,21] are some commonly used compression techniques. Amongst these techniques, AMBTC requires the least computational cost.…”