A biomechanical analysis of the vertebral and rib deformities in structural scoliosis

Wever, Dirk Jan; Veldhuizen, Albert G.; Klein, John P.; Webb, P. J.; Nijenbanning, G.; Cool, J.C.; Horn, J.R. van

doi:10.1007/s005860050169

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After examining the apical vertebrae from two museum specimens, he writes [24], 'The rotational deformity tends to be selective and anterior to the canal.' This confirms the findings of others [20,37,42]. He continues, 'If the deformity in scoliosis was due to imbalance secondary to neuromuscular factors, we might reasonably expect the rotational deformity to be uniform throughout the vertebra -the whole vertebra rotating as a unitbut this is not the case.'…”

Section: Porter's Evidencesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Yet multiple factors, biomechanical and biological, are thought to contribute to the deformity of the apical vertebra in structural scoliosis [2,22,42]. In addition to axial rotation, there may be: [42] interpret the vertebral deformities of structural scoliosis as being caused by bone remodelling due to lateral shear forces created in the anterior spinal column driving the apical vertebra out of the midline, whereas torque forces created by posterior musculoligamentous structures attempt to minimize the deviations and rotations of the vertebrae. The rib deformities are considered to be secondary to the lateral forces induced by the scoliotic spine [42].…”

Section: Porter's Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comment to “The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis: uncoupled neuro-osseous growth?” by R. W. Porter

Burwell

2001

Eur Spine J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Porter's Evidencesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Porter's Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Comment to “The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis: uncoupled neuro-osseous growth?” by R. W. Porter

Burwell

2001

Eur Spine J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…At odds with a typical left convex scoliotic curve in the upper thoracic region were, however, the tips of the T1 and T2 spinous processes. They were bent to the right rather than to the convex left side as usually in scoliotic spines (see, e.g., Wever et al, 1999). The spinous processes of the adjacent vertebrae C7 and T3 did not deviate from the mid-sagittal plane (see also Fig 3), which implied an extraordinarily short scoliotic curve involving just T1 and T2.…”

Section: Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Our results confirm that scoliotic spines can be distinguished from non-scoliotic vertebral columns by a combination of different asymmetries of the individual vertebrae that increase towards the apex of the curve, but are absent at the neutral vertebra. These include the distortion of the vertebral body towards the convex side, deviation of the spinous processes, asymmetric pedicular width, facet joints and lateral wedging of the vertebral bodies as well as abnormal sagittal wedging (Smith et al, 1991;Wever et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting scoliosis in the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton

Schiess¹,

Boeni²,

Rühli³

et al. 2014

Journal of Human Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Owing to its completeness, the 1.5 million year old Nariokotome boy skeleton KNM-WT 15000 is central for understanding skeletal biology of Homo erectus. Nevertheless, since Latimer and Ohman (2001, Axial dysplasia in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 40:A12) reported on asymmetries and distortions of Nariokotome boy's axial skeleton suggesting adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, possibly associated with congenital skeletal dysplasia, it is questionable whether it still can be used as reference for Homo erectus. Recently, however, the presence of skeletal dysplasia has been refuted. Here, we present a morphologic and morphometric reanalysis of the assertion of idiopathic scoliosis. We demonstrate that unarticulated vertebral columns of non-scoliotic and scoliotic individuals can be distinguished based on the lateral deviation of the spinous process, lateral and sagittal wedging, vertebral body torsion, pedicle thickness asymmetry and asymmetry of the superior and inferior articular facet area. A principal component analysis of the overall asymmetry of all seven vertebral shape variables groups KNM-WT 15000 within non-scoliotic modern humans. An anomaly of vertebrae T1-T2 is compatible with a short left convex curve at the uppermost thoracic region, possibly due to injury or local growth dysbalance. Asymmetries of the facet joints L3-L5 suggest a local right convex curve in the lower lumbar region that probably resulted from juvenile traumatic disc herniation. This pattern is incompatible with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis or other types of scoliosis, including congenital, neuromuscular or syndromic scoliosis. It is, however, consistent with a recent reanalysis of the rib cage that did not reveal any asymmetry. Except for these possibly trauma-related anomalies, the Nariokotome boy fossil therefore seems to belong to a normal Homo erectus youth without evidence for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis or other severe pathologies of the axial skeleton. AbstractOwing to its completeness, the 1.5 million year old Nariokotome boy skeleton KNM-WT 15000 is central for understanding skeletal biology of Homo erectus. Nevertheless, since Latimer and Ohman (2001, Axial dysplasia in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 40:A12) reported on asymmetries and distortions of Nariokotome boy's axial skeleton suggesting adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, possibly associated with congenital skeletal dysplasia, it is questionable whether it still can be used as reference for Homo erectus. Recently, however, the presence of skeletal dysplasia has been refuted. Here, we present a morphologic and morphometric reanalysis of the assertion of idiopathic scoliosis. We demonstrate that unarticulated vertebral columns of non-scoliotic and scoliotic individuals can be distinguished based on the lateral deviation of the spinous process, lateral and sagittal wedging, vertebral body torsion, pedicle thickness asymmetry and asymmetry of the superior and inferior articular facet area. A principal component analysis of the overall asymmetry of all seven vertebral shap...

show abstract

“…By altering the number of sublaminar wires in the construct, one would expect the rotational stability of the construct to be affected most. Wever et al [14] observed that the imbalance between forces in the anterior and posterior spinal columns leads to vertebral rotational deformities. We therefore chose to test the mechanical rigidity of the constructs against static and fatigue torsional loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the mechanical stability of scoliosis constructs using variable numbers of sublaminar wires

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A biomechanical analysis of the vertebral and rib deformities in structural scoliosis

Cited by 45 publications

References 49 publications

Comment to “The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis: uncoupled neuro-osseous growth?” by R. W. Porter

Comment to “The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis: uncoupled neuro-osseous growth?” by R. W. Porter

Revisiting scoliosis in the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton

A study of the mechanical stability of scoliosis constructs using variable numbers of sublaminar wires

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About