A bioinspired 3D shape olibanum‐collagen‐gelatin scaffolds with tunable porous microstructure for efficient neural tissue regeneration

Ghalandari

Journal of Polymer Engineering

et al. 2020

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In this study, retinoic acid loaded-PLGA-gelatin matrixes were prepared with both freeze-casting and freeze-drying techniques. Herein, the effect of unidirectional microstructure with tunable pores on release profile, cellular adhesion, migration, and differentiation was compared. Morphological observation determined that highly interconnected porous structure can be formed, but lamellar pore channels were observed in freeze-casting prepared constructs. The absorption ratio was increased, and the biodegradation rate was decreased as a function of the orientation of microstructure. The in-vitro release study illustrated non-Fickian release mechanism in both methods, so that erosion has predominated over diffusion. Accordingly, PLGA-gelatin scaffolds prepared with freeze-drying technique showed no adequate erosion due to the rigid structure, while freeze-casting one presented more favorable erosion. Microscopic observations of adhered P19 embryonic cells on the scaffolds showed that the freeze-casting matrixes with unidirectional pores provide a more compatible microenvironment for cell attachments and spreading. Besides, it facilitated cell migration and penetration inside the structure and may act as guidance for neuron growth. Improvement in the expression of neural genes in unidirectionally oriented pores proved the decisive role of contact guidance for nerve healing. It seems that the freeze-cast PLGA-gelatin-retinoic acid scaffolds have initial features for nerve tissue regeneration studies.

“…Accordingly, the dry weight (W 0 ) and wet weight (W) of constructs after 1, 3, 7, and 24 h was measured, and the swelling ratio was calculated using Eq. (1) [27]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lamellar microstructure of retinoic acid loaded-matrixes on physicochemical properties, migration, and neural differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells

Ghalandari

Journal of Polymer Engineering

et al. 2020

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“…The cells were extracted according to our previous investigation. 30 5 × 10 4 cells/ml were seeded on the surface of the samples, and cell culture medium (DMEM with 1% FBS, 100 mg/ml penicillin-streptomycin) was added to each well. A three-day culture was performed at 37 ± 0.5 C, 5% CO 2 , and 95%…”

Section: In Vitro Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoration of electrical conductive polyurethane‐polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol matrixes with mussel‐inspired polydopamine for bone tissue engineering

Ghalandari

Khan

et al. 2020

Biotechnology Progress

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Electrospinning is a versatile technology for the fabrication of nanofibrous matrixes to regenerate defects. This study aims to develop a functionalized and electroconductive polymeric matrix to improve rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Herein, the influence of the chemical composition of the substrate on homogeneous modification of the surface with mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) is focused. Accordingly, the deposition of PDA on the surface was proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphologies of the scaffolds demonstrated homogeneous decoration of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyurethane (PU)-polyaniline (PANI) matrixes with PDA, while a lower density of mussel-inspired polymer was observed in bare PU-PANI constructs. Although uniform and dense precipitation of PDA reduced conductivity of scaffolds 1.2 times compared with the samples with a low density of the PDA, 1.1 and 1.2 times enhancement in tensile strength and Young's modulus, respectively, were the strength of the applied process, especially in bone tissue engineering area. Contact angle measurements demonstrated about two times reduction in measured values, which shows improvement in hydrophilicity of PDA-modified PVA/PU-PANI fibers compared with PDA-coated PU-PANI ones. Swelling ratio and mass loss ratio calculations revealed enhancement in measured values as a function of homogeneous and dense coating, which arise from hydrophilicity of the polymeric substrate. The bioactivity test indicated that a dense layer of PDA strongly supports formations of hydroxyapatite-like crystals. Moreover, homogeneous decoration of conductive matrixes with PDA showed suitable cell viability, adhesion, and spreading while cellscaffolds interactions improved under electrical stimulation. Higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and secretion of Collagen I under the electrical field proved the applicability of modified electroconductive scaffolds for further preclinical and clinical studies to introduce as a reconstructive bone substitute.

“…Gelatin is a hydrolyzed form of collagen where denaturation leads to the conversion of proteins to small peptides. 112 It is the most common material for printing matrixes that can promote cell adhesion, degradability, and suitable strength after modification. 113,114 Since the cross-linking of gelatin-based bio-inks is a challenge, some studies have focused on methacrylate gelatin due to its photo-crosslinking ability.…”

Section: Gelatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gelatin is a hydrolyzed form of collagen where denaturation leads to the conversion of proteins to small peptides 112 . It is the most common material for printing matrixes that can promote cell adhesion, degradability, and suitable strength after modification 113,114 .…”

Section: Bioprinting As An Innovative Technology For Bone Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprinting a cell‐laden matrix for bone regeneration: A focused review

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Zhong

et al. 2020

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Although many efforts have been made to regenerate the bone lesions, existing challenges can be mitigated through the development of tissue engineering scaffolds. However, the weak control on the microstructure of constructs, limitation in preparation of patient-specific and multilayered scaffolds, restriction in the fabrication of cell-laden matrixes, and challenges in preserving the drug/growth factors' efficacy in conventional methods have led to the development of bioprinting technology for regeneration of bone defects. So in this review, conventional 3D printers are classified, then the priority of the different types of bioprinting technologies for the preparation of the cell/growth factor-laden matrixes are focused. Besides, the bio-ink compositions, including polymeric/hybrid hydrogels and cell-based bio-inks are classified according to fundamental and recent studies. Herein, different effective parameters, such as viscosity, rheological properties, cross-linking methods, biodegradation biocompatibility, are considered. Finally, different types of cells and growth factors that can encapsulate in the bio-inks to promote bone repair are discussed, and both in vitro and in vivo achievement are considered. This review provides current and future perspectives of cell-laden bioprinting technologies. The restrictions and challenges are identified, and proper strategies for the development of cell-laden matrixes and high-performance printable bio-inks are proposed.