A Biogeographic History of Southeast Asian Rainforests

Wong, K. M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2175-3_2

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The region encompasses at least four biodiversity hotspots (Sundaland, Philippines, Wallacea and Indo‐Burma) and is renowned for its high plant species richness, harboring at least 10% of the world's endemic plants (Myers et al ., ; Woodruff, ). Although the enormous plant biodiversity in Southeast Asia can be partly ascribed to its current geographic position in tropical and subtropical climatic zones, it is especially the region's complex tectonic and climatic evolution that has shaped the present species richness and high degree of endemism (Sodhi et al ., ; Woodruff, ; Wong, ). When geographically and climatically comparing mainland Indo‐Burma – with its northern boundary situated in the tropical area of Yunnan (Southwest China) – with the islands of Sunda and Sahul, it is clear that their evolutionary history is remarkably different, despite being part of the same large Southeast Asian geographic region (de Bruyn et al ., ; Deng et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics and biogeography ofMusaceae reveal a correlation between the diversification of the banana family and the geological and climatic history of Southeast Asia

Janssens

Vandelook

Langhe³

et al. 2016

New Phytologist

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Summary Tropical Southeast Asia, which harbors most of the Musaceae biodiversity, is one of the most species‐rich regions in the world. Its high degree of endemism is shaped by the region's tectonic and climatic history, with large differences between northern Indo‐Burma and the Malayan Archipelago. Here, we aim to find a link between the diversification and biogeography of Musaceae and geological history of the Southeast Asian subcontinent.The Musaceae family (including five Ensete, 45 Musa and one Musella species) was dated using a large phylogenetic framework encompassing 163 species from all Zingiberales families. Evolutionary patterns within Musaceae were inferred using ancestral area reconstruction and diversification rate analyses.All three Musaceae genera – Ensete, Musa and Musella – originated in northern Indo‐Burma during the early Eocene. Musa species dispersed from ‘northwest to southeast’ into Southeast Asia with only few back‐dispersals towards northern Indo‐Burma.Musaceae colonization events of the Malayan Archipelago subcontinent are clearly linked to the geological and climatic history of the region. Musa species were only able to colonize the region east of Wallace's line after the availability of emergent land from the late Miocene onwards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics and biogeography ofMusaceae reveal a correlation between the diversification of the banana family and the geological and climatic history of Southeast Asia

Janssens

Vandelook

Langhe³

et al. 2016

New Phytologist

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“…Current biodiversity is heterogeneously and unevenly distributed across the world (Gaston, 2000) and is shaped by both long‐term historical and short‐term ecological processes (Sodhi et al, 2004; Woodruff, 2010; Wong, 2011). Generally, tropical flora are more speciose compared with those in temperate regions (Gaston, 2000), however the driving mechanism underlying such high diversity remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our knowledge of the biogeographic histories of the Asian paleotropics, however, is fragmented due to complex geological and climatic histories of this region (Whitmore, 1987; Woodruff, 2010; Morley, 2012). Present‐day Asia, especially Southeast Asia, is characterized by various plate compositions (Wong, 2011). The oldest plate dates back to the Paleozoic era (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of Typhonium sensu stricto (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora

Low

Ooi

et al. 2020

J of Sytematics Evolution

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The Asian paleotropical flora is characterized by abundance of endemic species, high biodiversity, and complex geological and climatic histories. However, the main driving mechanism underlying such high tropical biodiversity remains unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the biogeographic origin of the Asian paleotropical flora by tracking the speciation and diversification history of a typical tropical perennial, Typhonium sensu stricto (s.s.) (Araceae), using a time‐calibrated whole‐plastome phylogeny. In particular, we tested whether the Asian paleotropic region is a macroevolutionary source or sink. We observed that Typhonium s.s. originated in Indochina during the early–middle Miocene epoch, ca. 17.24 Ma (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 12.83 ̶ 21.99 Ma). Most of the in situ diversification within the genus Typhonium s.s. has been underway since 14.73 Ma, with an accelerated lineage diversification at ca. 15−17 Ma, which may have been triggered by the intensification of the Asian monsoon system around the middle Miocene. Furthermore, the underground tuberous stem of Typhonium s.s. might have played an essential role in the adaptation to the seasonality caused by the monsoon in Indochina. Our results also suggested that peripatric speciation may be important in the diversification of T. trilobatum and T. roxburghii. This study provides a framework for studies in biogeography and evolution of the Asian paleotropical flora.

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“…Borneo has been a significant evolutionary hotspot for biodiversity in Southeast Asia since the pre‐Miocene (more than 20 million years ago; de Bruyn et al ). The island's large size, its great topographic heterogeneity across a wide elevational range, diverse geology and soil types and dense network of river systems, promote habitat diversity and are likely to be factors supporting high species richness and endemism (Wong , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synopsis of the endemic plant genera of Borneo

Neo

Wong

Tan

2020

Nordic Journal of Botany

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The large, tropical island of Borneo has some of the world's richest habitats for plant life, but faces increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities that threaten its biodiversity. With a good portion of the Bornean flora not critically studied, a comprehensive documentation of the numerous endemic taxa expected for the island is not yet complete. It is not known what the relative significance of endemic genera is compared to Bornean centres of endemism documented or predicted through modelling, and if they can inform current conservation plans. As a first step, we here present a synopsis of the endemic genera of Borneo, based on a comprehensive study of literature, herbarium specimens and distributional data, and an investigation of whether the genera have been included in molecular phylogenetic studies that confirm their monophyly. Such a review is timely since many generic delimitations have been shaped by molecular evidence used to test morphology‐based taxonomy, while botanical collection and revisionary efforts continue. Our findings suggest that 65 vascular plant genera from 25 families may be considered endemic to Borneo. More than two‐thirds (48) of these genera have had at least one species included in molecular phylogenetic studies, but of these, only 39 have been sufficiently sampled to be considered monophyletic with high confidence, or they are monotypic. Slightly over half (38) of the endemic genera are herbaceous. A majority of the genera have fruits or seeds specialised for dispersal by abiotic vectors, or unspecialised seeds. Almost two‐thirds (42) of the endemic genera are monotypic, and some of these could represent relict lineages. We expect the current list of endemic genera to be relatively stable and aligned with recent taxonomic concepts, and that it serves to illuminate an interesting aspect of Borneo's unique assemblage of endemic species.

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A Biogeographic History of Southeast Asian Rainforests

Cited by 15 publications

References 99 publications

Evolutionary dynamics and biogeography ofMusaceae reveal a correlation between the diversification of the banana family and the geological and climatic history of Southeast Asia

Evolutionary dynamics and biogeography ofMusaceae reveal a correlation between the diversification of the banana family and the geological and climatic history of Southeast Asia

Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of Typhonium sensu stricto (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora

A synopsis of the endemic plant genera of Borneo

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